AP World History-Ancient World Flashcards
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| 312636605 | Cultural Diffusion | Spread of ideas, customs, and technology from one people to another | 0 | |
| 826909710 | Neolithic Revolution | (10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization. | 1 | |
| 430683836 | Agricultural Revolution | Also known as the Neolithic Revolution, this is the transformation of human (and world) existence caused by the domestication of animals and the development of agriculture. | 2 | |
| 890363693 | Bronze Age | 3000 B.C. to 1200 B.C. Artisans discovered how by combining copper and tin they could create a metal that was harder and more durable than copper. Development and use of bronze. | 3 | |
| 387150401 | City-States | A city that is completely independent from other cities, complete with its own form of government and laws. | 4 | |
| 598685086 | Mesopotamia | first civilization located between the Tigris & Eurphrates Rivers; term means "land between the rivers;" Sumerian culture, fertile crescent. | 5 | |
| 850007344 | Sumerian Civilization | rose in the southern part of Mesopotamia. Successful agriculture and river management, development of a system of writing, introduction of the wheel, polytheism, and ziggurats characterized this civilization. | 6 | |
| 208354443 | Polytheistic | Belief in many gods | 7 | |
| 476068127 | Ziggurats | A temple tower of the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories, built to worship their gods. | 8 | |
| 476068332 | Akkad | (Mesopotamia) They were Semites which were one of the nomadic groups that had migrated from the Arabian Peninsula to the Fertile Crescent around 5000 B.C. Set up a kingdom called Akkad in northern Mesopotamia, worlds' first empire | 9 | |
| 852782329 | Babylon | An ancient city in Mesopotamia, the capital of Babylonia in the 2nd millennium bc. The city was on the banks of the Euphrates River and was noted for its luxury, its fortifications, and, particularly, for the Hanging Gardens of Babylon | 10 | |
| 1019410297 | Code of Hammurabi | "eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth" 282 laws by King Hammurabi carved into stone about family matters, taxes, debts, and more. One of the first examples of written law. | 11 | |
| 1019410323 | Hittites | A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. With wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces, they vied with New Kingdom Egypt for control of Syria-Palestine before falling to unidentified attackers ca. 1200 B.C.E. | 12 | |
| 194044670 | Assyrians | Known as a warrior people who ruthlessly conquered neighboring countries; their empire stretched from east to north of the Tigris River all the way to centeral Egypt; used ladders, weapons like iron-tipped spears, daggers and swords, tunnels, and fearful military tactics to gain strength in their empire | 13 | |
| 479366427 | Ninevah | Assyrian capital city located on the Tigris | 14 | |
| 717130179 | Persian Empire | The Persian Empire dominated the Middle East:founded by Cyrus II; greatest ruler was Darius unified the empire by creating provinces and giving each province a ruler; encouraged a money economy with coins rather than goods Persia was later conquered by Alexander the Great. | 15 | |
| 473733364 | Great Royal Road | The longest road of the Persian Empire, which stretched some 1600 miles from the Persian Gulf to the Aegean Sea. | 16 | |
| 561527723 | Lydians | Came up with the concept of using coined money to conduct trade rather than using the barter system (first people to come up with a coin system to conduct trade) | 17 | |
| 75791985 | Barter System | an economic system of exchange in which goods or services are traded directly for other goods or services without the use of money. | 18 | |
| 819931986 | Phoenicians | A maritime civilization of the Mediterranean that developed extensive trade and communication networks as well as an early alphabetical script (1500 B.C.E). | 19 | |
| 819931987 | Hebrews | 1. Ancient people of the middle East who established the kingdom of Israel, a smaller early civilization whose development of a monotheistic faith that provided the foundation of modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam assured them a significant place in world history. | 20 | |
| 23072446 | Egyptian Civilization | Egyptian civilization emerged in northern Africa along the Nile River by about 3000 B.C.E. It benefited from trade and influences from Mesopotamia, but it also produced its own distinct social structures and cultural expressions. Unlike Mesopotamia, Egyptian civilization featured very durable and centralized institutions. Mathematical achievements and impressive architectural structures also characterized Egypt. | 21 | |
| 854295617 | Pharaohs | Ancient Egyptian monarchs (believed to be gods) | 22 | |
| 17633446 | Hieroglyphics | An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds. | 23 | |
| 567780527 | Indus Valley Civilization | also known as Harappan civilization, located in India along the Indus River, 3rd millennium BCE, elaborately planned cities, standardized measures, irrigated agriculture, written language, no temples or kings, had a lot of land, no political hierarchy, was abandoned because of mass deforestation, low crop yields, famine, environmental deterioration, etc. their influence continued even to this day. | 24 | |
| 623491373 | Khyber Pass | Famous pass in the Hindu Kush Mountains, that is the natural route for invasion an trade into India. Aryans invaded through the Khyber Pass & conquered the Indus valley | 25 | |
| 601901396 | Mohenjo-Daro | Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system., One of the first settlements in India. | 26 | |
| 366775512 | Harappan Civilization | Another name for the Indus Valley civilization that arose along the Indus River, possibly as early as 7000 B.C.; characterized by sophisticated city planning. | 27 | |
| 869005803 | Aryans | nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; Vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system. | 28 | |
| 331895843 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms. | 29 | |
| 331895844 | Caste System | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life, a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society | 30 | |
| 699381998 | Brahmans | Highest caste in Hinduism, they are the priests | 31 | |
| 995698753 | Shang Dynasty | Second Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They're best remembered for their art of bronze casting. (the imperial dynasty ruling China from about the 18th to the 12th centuries BC) | 32 | |
| 876724630 | Patriarchal Society | Society in which men are considered to have more power. | 33 | |
| 251976360 | Zhou Dynasty | (1050BC-400BC) Longest dynasty in Chinese history. Established a new political order with king at the highest level, then lords and warriors and then peasants. | 34 | |
| 583776684 | Mandate of Heaven | A political theory developed during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China in which those in power were believed to have the right to rule from divine authority. | 35 | |
| 549700193 | Bureaucracies in China | A bureaucracy is a group of non-elected officials within a government or other institution that implements the rules, laws, ideas, and functions of their institution. | 36 | |
| 281327650 | Bantu Migrations | [Migrations of peoples with common culture that spread them to cover most of Africa, starting beneath western Sahara and moving east and south.] (1500BCE to 500CE) As the Bantu people migrated, they spread the Bantu family of languages and culture. The Bantu also spread the use of iron, which improved farming techniques and agricultural efficiency, the greater food supply sparked economic development and population growth. The changes instigated by the Bantu migration increased the vitality of sub-Saharan Africa. | 37 | |
| 691037457 | Jenne-Jeno | One of the first urbanized centers in western Africa. A walled community home to approximately 50,000 people at its height. Evidence suggests domestication of agriculture and trade with nearby regions - Largest and most fully studied of the cities of the Niger valley civilization. | 38 | |
| 277524861 | Chavin Civilization | (850-250BCE) American civilization, located on the Peruvian coast and known for jade work and a complex trade system. | 39 | |
| 630105235 | Olmec Civilization | civilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and widely influenced the late civilization of the Maya, earliest known American civilization, located in southern Mexico and known for its pyramids and huge stone heads | 40 | |
| 630105236 | Tikal | The most important Maya political center between the 4th-9th centuries. It was a city that had temples, pyramids, palaces, and public buildings. | 41 | |
| 427392215 | Chichen Itza | Originally a Mayan city; conquered by Toltecs circa 1000 and ruled by Toltec dynasties; architecture featured pyramid of Feathered Serpent (Quetzalcoatl), capital city of the Maya civilization. | 42 | |
| 707432058 | Mayan Civilization | dominated southern Mexico and parts of Central American from 300 B.C. from 800 B.C. Their civilization was a collection of city states ruled by the same king. constructed pyramids, used hieroglyphics, developed a complex calendar system, and built tremendous cities. | 43 | |
| 785051080 | Mauryan Empire | 185 BCE, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty, was the largest and most powerful political and military empire of ancient India | 44 | |
| 419989646 | Buddhism | A major world religion in China is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Guatama (563-483 B.C.), who is know as the Buddha. It is the fourth largest religion in the world. | 45 | |
| 111962186 | Eight-Fold Path | Eight steps to end suffering according to Buddhist tradition. 1- Right Conduct, 2- Right Speech, 3- Right means of livelihood, 4- Right knowledge, 5- Right intention, 6- Right effort, 7- Right mindfulness, 8- Right concentration | 46 | |
| 530039888 | Four Noble Truths | 1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is non-virtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome non-virtue. 4) The way to overcome non-virtue is to follow the Eightfold Path. | 47 | |
| 456875510 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders", the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs | 48 | |
| 456875511 | Hinayana | Branch of Buddhism known as the "lesser vehicle," also known as Theravada Buddhism; its beliefs include strict, individual path to enlightenment, and it is popular in south and southeast Asia. | 49 | |
| 108765065 | Mahayana | "the Great Vehicle" - The largest of Buddhism's three divisions, prevalent in China, Japan and Korea, encompasses a variety of forms, including those that emphasize devotion and prayer to the Buddha and bodhisattvas. | 50 | |
| 79369618 | Rock and Pillar Edicts | laws written by Ashoka reminding Mauryans to live generous and righteous lives | 51 | |
| 243294135 | Gupta Empire | (320--550) An empire in India characterized by peace, prosperity, and trade. Often referred to as the Golden Age of Hindu Culture, founded by Chandra Gupta. | 52 | |
| 18974616 | Arabic numerals | Numbers first developed by mathematicians in Gupta, India, and adapted by most of the Western World (counting numbers- 1,2,3..) | 53 | |
| 652589761 | Great Wall of China | A system of fortified walls with a roadway along the top, constructed as a defense for China against the nomads of the regions that are now Mongolia and Manchuria: completed in the 3rd century BCE, but later repeatedly modified and rebuilt. 2000 mi. (3220 km) long. | 54 | |
| 1228455 | Legalism | A Chinese political philosophy based on the idea that a highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order. | 55 | |
| 1228456 | Han Dynasty | (202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Han rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth (by merit); it was a time of prosperity. | 56 | |
| 749674963 | Xiongnu | A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. Chinese rulers tried a variety of defenses and stratagems to ward off these 'barbarians,' as they called them, and dispersed them in 1st Century. | 57 | |
| 749674964 | Polis | A city-state of ancient Greece and its surrounding countryside | 58 | |
| 954840902 | Athens | A city-state of ancient Greece that was first to have a democracy; also known as the birthplace of Western civilization; the ancient capital of present-day Greece. | 59 | |
| 954840903 | Sparta | Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy(rich people/companies), focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts. | 60 | |
| 820842762 | Persian Wars | 499 BCE - 479 BCE. Between the Persians & the Greeks, the Greeks won! Ionian(Greeks) peoples banded together against the Persians. | 61 | |
| 714135150 | Golden Age of Pericles | the period after the Persian Wars during which Greece enjoyed peace and prosperity under the leadership of Pericles. The Parthenon was made during this time, philosophy and the arts flourished during this age | 62 | |
| 160749327 | Delian League | Alliance among Greek city-states to protect against the Persians with Athens in charge. | 63 | |
| 76471058 | Peloponnesian War | A war, lasting from 431 to 404 B.C., in which Athens and its allies(Greek city-states) were defeated by Sparta and its allies(Persians). | 64 | |
| 769841758 | Macedonians | A group of people who lived in Macedonia and were grouped into tribes, they were referred to as barbarians by the Greeks,invaded Athens under Philip of Macedon. Alexander the Great continued it; spread Greek culture. (Hellenism) | 65 | |
| 478635823 | Antigonid Empire | original portion of the Macedonian empire, comprising Greece and Macedon, under the rule of Antigonus. | 66 | |
| 76992673 | Ptolemaic Empire | The Hellenistic empire in Egypt area after Alexander's death; created by Ptolemy, one of Alexander's generals. | 67 | |
| 600797437 | Seleucid Empire | The Hellenistic empire in Syria, Persia, and Bactria after Alexander's death; founded by Seleucus. | 68 | |
| 961467658 | Hellenism | Blending of Egyptian, Persian and Greek culture; emphasis on philosophy and sciences. | 69 | |
| 309259469 | Patricians | Powerful landowners who controlled Roman government and society. | 70 | |
| 309259470 | Plebians | Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders. | 71 | |
| 957599507 | Twelve Tables of Rome | the first written laws of Rome; concept of innocent until proven guilty originated. | 72 | |
| 834244446 | Roman Republic | The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. | 73 | |
| 834244447 | Roman Empire | (27 BC-476 AD) An empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire. The territories ruled by ancient Rome which at one time encompassed most of the Mediterranean world and parts of France, England, and Germany. | 74 | |
| 362686142 | Carthage | An ancient city in north Africa, established by traders from Phoenicia. It was a commercial and political rival of Rome for much of the third and second centuries B.C. | 75 | |
| 112191679 | Punic Wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.E.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. | 76 | |
| 134323373 | Paganism | Paganism is the rich native religious stew of traditional society in the Mediterranean. It's a spiritual universe that's thickly populated with gods and spirits. Paganism was very tolerant of other religions. | 77 | |
| 76090905 | Jewish Diaspora | The historical exile of Jews (from the Kingdom of Judah). Began 6th Century BCE, Babylon conquered the Kingdom of Judah and destroyed the First Temple; a "scattering" of the Jewish people | 78 | |
| 76090906 | Torah | A Hebrew word meaning "law," referring to the first five books of the Old Testament. | 79 | |
| 123259277 | Christianity | A religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus, a religion that began in the first century AD. | 80 | |
| 488168073 | Constantinople | "city of Constantine"(imperial city of Byzantine) filled with libraries, museums, treasures, churches, and bathes. Kept the name until the Ottoman Turks came and renamed it Istanbul. | 81 | |
| 85167378 | Silk Road | 4,000 mile-long network of routes stretched from westward from China across Asia's deserts and mountain ranges, through the Middle east, until it reached the Mediterranean Sea | 82 |