AP World History Chapter 31 Flashcards

6366986556	Cold War	The state of relations between the US and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies between the end of WWII and 1990, based on creation of political spheres of influence and a nuclear arms race rather than actual warfare	0
6366986557	Eastern Bloc	Nations favorable to the Soviet Union in eastern Europe during the Cold War- particularly Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, and East Germany	1
6366986558	Harry Truman	American president from 1945 to 1952, less eager for smooth relations with the Soviet Union than Franklin Roosevelt, authorized use of the atomic bomb during WWII, architect of American diplomacy that initiated the Cold War	2
6366986559	iron curtain	Phrase coined by Winston Churchill to describe the division between free and communist societies taking shape in Europe after 1946	3
6366986560	Marshall Plan	Program of substantial loans initiated by the US in 1947, designed to aid nations in rebuilding from the war's devastation, vehicle for American economic dominance	4
6366986561	North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)	Created in 1949 under US leadership to group most of the western European powers plus Canada in a defensive alliance against possible Soviet aggression	5
6366986562	Warsaw Pact	Alliance organization by Soviet Union with its eastern European satellites to balance formation of NATO by Western powers in 1949	6
6366986563	welfare state	New activism of the western European state in economic policy and welfare issues after WWII, introduced programs to reduce the impact of economic inequality, typically included medical programs and economic planning	7
6366986564	technocrat	New type of bureaucrat, intensely trained in engineering or economics and devoted to the power of national planning, came to fore in offices of governments following WWII	8
6366986565	Green movement	Political parties, especially in Europe, focusing on environmental issues and control over economic growth	9
6366986566	European Union	Began as European Economic Community (or Common Market), an alliance of Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands to create a single economic entity across national boundaries in 1958, later joined by Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Austria, Finland, and other nations for further European economic intergration	10
6366986567	new feminism	New wave of women's rights agitation dating from 1949, emphasized more literal equality that would play down domestic roles and qualitites for women, promoted specific reforms and redefinition of what it meant to be female	11
6366986568	Berlin Wall	Built in 1961 to halt the flow of immigration from East Berlin to West Berlin, immigration was in response to lack of consumer goods and close Soviet control of economy and politics, torn down at the end of the Cold War in 1991	12
6366986569	Solidarity	Polish labor movement formed in the 1970s under Lech Walesa, challenged USSR-dominated government of Poland	13
6366986570	Aleksandr Solzhrnitsyn	Russian author critical of the Soviet Union regime but also of Western materialism, published trilogy on the Siberian prison camps, The Gulag Archipelago (1978)	14
6366986571	Nikita Khrushchev	Stalin's successor as head of the USSR from 1953 to 1964, attacked Stalinism in 1956 for concentration of power and arbitrary dictatorship, failure of Siberian development program and antagonism of Stalinists led to downfall	15