AP World History Terms Flashcards

4717144579	Civilization	cultural group with advanced cities, complex institutions, skilled workers, advanced technology, and a system of recordkeeping	0
4717144580	Climate	the pattern of temperature and precipitation over a period of time	1
4717144818	Cultural Diffusion	the transmission of ideas and products from one culture to another	2
4717144820	Independent Invention	development of same cultural trait or pattern in a separate culture because of comparable needs and circumstances	3
4717144821	Monsoon	a seasonal wind	4
4717146943	Steppe	a dry grassland	5
4717155952	Agricultural Revolution	transition from foraging to the cultivation of food occurring about 8000 - 2000 BCE	6
4717155953	Animism	the belief that spirits inhabit the features of nature	7
4717155954	Artifact	an object made by human hands	8
4717156187	Foraging	a term for hunting and gathering	9
4717156188	Neolithic Age	new Stone Age	10
4717156556	Neolithic Revolution	same as the Agricultural Revolution	11
4717156557	Paleolithic Age	old Stone Age	12
4717157014	Pastoralism	the practice of herding	13
4717157248	Slash-and-Burn Cultivation	an agricultural method in which farmers clear fields by cutting and burning trees, then use the ashes as fertilizer	14
4717158375	Specialization of Labor	the division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work	15
4725838564	Covenant	agreement; in the Judeo-Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind	16
4725839151	Cuneiform	a system of writing originating in Mesopotamia in which a wedge-shaped stylus was used to press symbols into clay	17
4725839152	Diaspora	the exile of an ethic or racial group from their homeland	18
4725839153	Hieroglyphics	a system of picture writing used in Egypt	19
4725839376	Jati	one of the many subcastes in the Hindu caste system	20
4725839377	Mandate of Heaven	the concept developed by the Zhou dynasty that the deity granted a dynasty the right to rule and took away that right if the dynasty did not rule wisely	21
4725839830	Matrilineal	referring to a social system in which descent and inheritance are traced through the mother	22
4725839831	Monotheism	the belief in one god	23
4725839832	Oracle Bones	animal bones or shells used by Chinese priests to receive messages from the gods	24
4725840431	Patriarchal	pertaining to a social system in which the father is the head of the family	25
4725840432	Pharaoh	an Egyptian monarch	26
4725855505	Polytheism	the belief in many gods	27
4725855835	Quetzalcòatl	Mesoamerican god who would someday return to rule his people in peace	28
4725857813	Ten Commandments	moral laws of the Hebrews	29
4725857814	Theocracy	a government ruled by God or by church leaders	30
4725857815	Torah	the first five books of the Jewish scriptures	31
4725857819	Untouchables	the social division in Hindu society that fell in rank below the caste system; it was occupied by those who carried out undesirable occupations such as undertaking, butchering, and waste collection	32
4725857820	Varna	a caste in the Hindu caste system	33
4725857821	Vedas	the oral hymns to the Aryan deities, later written down, that formed the basis of the Hindu beliefs during the Vedic Age (1500 - 500 BCE)	34
4725857822	Yahweh	the god of the Jews	35
4725858062	Ziggurat	a multi-tiered pyramid constructed by Mesopotamians	36
4734801943	Alexander the Great	king of the ancient Greek kingdom	37
4734801944	Aristocracy	rule by a privileged heredity class or nobility	38
4734801965	Aristotle	Greek philosopher and scientist	39
4734802085	Artisan	a craftsman	40
4734802086	Democracy	a political system in which the people rule	41
4734802087	Dynasty	a series of rulers from the same family	42
4734802590	Geocentric Theory	the belief held by many before the Scientific Revolution that the Earth is the center of the universe	43
4734802591	Hellenistic Age	the era (c. 323 - 30 B.C.E.) in which Greek culture blended with Persian and other Eastern influences spread throughout the former empire of Alexander the Great	44
4734802592	Indo-Europeans	a group of seminomadic peoples, who, around 200 B.C.E., began to migrate from central Asia to India, Europe, and the Middle East	45
4734802713	Mystery Religion	during the Hellenistic Age, religions that promised their faithful followers eternity in a state of bliss	46
4734802714	Pax Romana	the Roman Peace; the period of prosperity and stability throughout the Roman Empire in the first two centuries C.E.	47
4734802715	Polis	a Greek city-state	48
4734802716	Sati	the custom among the higher castes of Hinduism of a widow throwing herself on the burning funeral pyre of her husband	49
4734802818	Silk Roads	caravan routes and sea lanes between China and the Middle East	50
4734802819	Stoicism	the most popular Hellenistic philosophy; it involved strict discipline and an emphasis on helping others	51
4734802820	Twelve Tables	the codification of Roman law during the republic	52
4734803015	Zoroastrianism	an ancient Persian religion that emphasized a struggle between good and evil and rewards in the afterlife for those who chose to follow a good life	53
4771063133	Analects	collection of short literary or philosophical extracts	54
4771063862	Animism	the belief that spirits inhabit the features of nature	55
4771064718	Bodhisattvas	Buddhist holy men who accumulated spiritual merits during their lifetime; Buddhists prayed to them in order to receive some of their holiness	56
4771064719	Brahmin	a member of the social class of priests in Aryan society	57
4771065737	Dharma	the position in the Hindu caste system that was determined by one's birth	58
4771065930	Disciple	a personal follower of Jesus during his life	59
4771065931	Edict of Milan	a document that made Christianity one of the religion	60
4771065932	Filial Piety	in China, respect for one's parents and other elders	61
4771065933	Karma	in Hindu tradition, the goods or evil deeds done by a person	62
4771066225	Messiah	the promised deliverer of the Jewish nation prophesied in the Hebrew Bible	63
4771066226	Moksha	in Hindu belief, the spirit's liberation from the cycle of reincarnation	64
4771066228	New Testament	the portion of the Christian Bible that contains the Gospels that relate the account of Jesus; letters from the followers of Jesus to the early Christian churches and the Book of Revelation, a prophetic text	65
4771066567	Nirvana	in Buddhism, a state of perfect peace that is the goal of reincarnation	66
4771066568	Pope	the head of the Roman Catholic Church	67
4771066569	Reincarnation	rebirth; a belief of both Hinduism and Buddhism	68
4771067070	Yin and Yang	in ancient Chinese belief, the opposing forces that bring balance to both nature and life	69
4780529881	Hsiung-nu	confederation of nomadic people who inhabited the Asian Steppe	70
4780529882	Huns	nomadic people who lived in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia	71
4780529883	Latifundia	large landholdings in the Roman Empire	72
4792313633	Allah	the god of the Muslims; Arabic word for "god"	73
4792313634	Arabesque	an ornamental design consisting of intertwined flowing lines, originally found in Arabic or Moorish decoration.	74
4792313635	Astrolabe	a navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars	75
4792314538	Battle of Tours	the 732 battle that halted the advance of Muslim armies into Europe at a point in northern France	76
4792314539	Caliph	the chief Muslim political and religious leader	77
4792314540	Dar al-Islam	the House of Islam; a term representing the political and religious unity of the various Islamic groups	78
4792314612	Five Pillars	five practices required of Muslims: faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage	79
4792315483	Hadith	a collection of the sayings and deeds of Muhammad	80
4792315484	Hajj	the pilgrimage to the Ka'aba in Mecca required once of every Muslim who was not limited by health or financial restrictions	81
4792315485	Harem	a household of wives and concubines in the Middle East, Africa, or Asia	82
4792315486	Hijrah	the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina; the first year in the Muslim calendar	83
4792316268	Jihad	Islamic holy war	84
4792316269	Ka'aba	a black stone or meteorite that became the most revered shrine in Arabia before the introduction of Islam; situated in Mecca, it later was incorporated in the Islamic faith	85
4792317715	Mamluks	Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to the early sixteenth centuries	86
4792318840	Minaret	a tower attached to a mosque from which Muslims are called to worship	87
4792318841	Mosque	the house of worship of followers of Islam	88
4792318842	Muslim	"One who submits"; a follower of Islam	89
4792318843	People of the Book	a term applied by Islamic governments to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in reference to the fact that all three religions had a holy book	90
4792319976	Quran	the holy book of Islam	91
4792319977	Ramadan	the holy month of Islam which commemorates the appearance of the angel Gabriel to Muhammad; fasting is required during this month	92
4792324495	Shariah	the body of law that governs Muslim society	93
4792324496	Shi'ite	the branch of Islam that holds that the leader of Islam must be a descendant of Muhammad's family	94
4792329110	Sufis	Muslims who attempt to reach Allah through mysticism	95
4792329111	Sultan	an Islamic ruler	96
4792330286	Sunni	the branch of Islam that believes that the Muslim community should select its leaders; the Sunnis are the largest branch of Islam	97
4792330287	Umma	the community of all Muslim believers	98
4792330288	Zakat	obligatory payment made annually under Islamic law on certain kinds of property and used for charitable and religious purposes	99