Biochemistry Flashcards

5184866952	chemical formula for water	H₂O	0
5184888371	polar molecule	molecule has positive and negative sides DUE to unequal sharing of electrons	1
5184891795	cohesion	attraction between like molecules (two water molecules)	2
5184895233	adhesion	attraction between unlike molecules (water and glass)	3
5184897196	meniscus	curved water line at top of graduated cylinder DUE to adhesion of water and glass being stronger than the cohesion of the water droplets	4
5184901521	mixture	substances physically mixed together	5
5184904562	suspension	molecules are not dissolved into solute (sand and water)	6
5184908375	solution	two or more substances evenly distributed throughout mixture	7
5184914527	solute	substance dissolved into solvent	8
5184917277	solvent	substance that the solute dissolves into	9
5184920321	pH scale	measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution; scale is 0-14	10
5184925440	acid	substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water; pH values of 0-6; 0 is strongest, 6 is weakest	11
5184933568	base (alkaline)	substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water; pH values of 8-14; 8 is weakest, 14 is strongest	12
5184939388	neutral pH	7	13
5184944589	organic compounds	contain carbon	14
5184946461	How many valence electrons does C have?	4	15
5184949249	polymer	large molecules made of many building blocks	16
5184953226	monomer	small molecules that act as the building blocks of larger polymers	17
5184973336	the big 4	carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids	18
5184974620	carbohydrates are made of what elements:	C, H, O ALWAYS in a 1:2:1 ratio	19
5184980946	monomers of carbs?	monosaccharides	20
5184985442	carbs are what type of "food"?	sugars	21
5184985443	where do carbs come from?	plants make them	22
5184988342	monosaccharides	single sugars	23
5184990831	chemical formula of monosaccharides	C₆H₁₂O₆	24
5185062896	examples of monosaccharides	glucose, galactose, fructose	25
5185064048	glucose	monosaccharide made when plants photosynthesize	26
5185066075	galactose	monosaccharide found in milk	27
5185067330	fructose	monosaccharide in fruit	28
5185068837	disaccharide	carbohydrate made of 2 monosaccharides	29
5185072366	formula for disaccharides	C₁₂H₂₄O₁₂	30
5185111602	example of disaccharide	sucrose (table sugar)	31
5185113346	sucrose	table sugar; disaccharide made from the joining of a glucose and a fructose molecule	32
5185121804	polysaccharide	large carbohydrate made of many monomers	33
5185126986	examples of polysaccharides	starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin	34
5185129891	starch	polysaccharide made in plants by bonding many glucose together; used to store energy in plants	35
5185138515	glycogen	polysaccharide used to store glucose in animal cells	36
5185150006	cellulose	polysaccharide used to build the cell wall in plants	37
5185151740	chitin	polysaccharide used to build the cell wall of fungus and the exoskeleton of insects	38
5185164469	How do you find out how many monomers are in a polysaccharide?	Divide the number of Carbons by 6	39
5185175560	How do you find the chemical formula of a polysaccharide when given the number of monomers?	number of monomers X 6 for C and O; double that number for H	40
5187236741	What elements are lipids made of?	CHO (not in any ratio)	41
5187243800	What are the monomers of lipids?	glycerol + fatty acid	42
5187248940	how do you recognize a lipid molecule?	long chains of C-H	43
5187252484	fats and oils	lipids used for long term energy storage	44
5187254105	waxes	lipids used for waterproofing	45
5187255888	cholesterol	lipids used to build the cell membrane	46
5187258848	steroids	lipids used as chemical messengers	47
5187264177	saturated fats	unhealthy lipids that are solid at room temp; contain only single bonded C-H; straight, rigid molecule; ex. butter, lard, animal fat	48
5187281911	unsaturated fats	healthy lipids that are liquid at room temp; contain double or triple bonds, flexible, bent molecule; ex: fish oil, olive oil	49
5187290741	saturated fat		50
5187302755	unsaturated fat		51
5187316571	What elements make up proteins?	CHON	52
5187324388	What are the monomers of proteins?	amino acids	53
5187326350	enzyme	protein that controls the rate of chemical reactions	54
5187328887	collagen	protein that acts as connective tissue	55
5187330413	elastin	protein that gives your skin elasticity	56
5187336395	keratin	protein that builds skin, hair, nails	57
5187345361	melanin	protein that acts as a pigment and gives skin and hair color	58
5187350279	hemoglobin	protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen	59
5187353102	actin and myosin	proteins that help muscles contract	60
5187355389	insulin	protein that controls blood sugar levels	61
5187357533	estrogen	protein that controls female reproductive system	62
5187360039	antibodies	protein that aids the immune system	63
5187362077	platelets	protein that clots the blood	64
5187364435	oxytocin	protein that contracts the uterus during childbirth	65
5187368672	nucleic acids	polymer that stores genetic information	66
5187370427	monomers of nucleic acids	nucleotides	67
5187373984	What elements make up nucleic acids?	CHONP	68
5187376044	What 3 things make up a nucleotide?	sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base	69
5187378339	formula for phosphate	PO₄	70
5187384732	2 types of nucleic acids	DNA, RNA	71
5187389309	What are nucleic acids named after?	their sugar (ribose, deoxyribose)	72
5187390609	What sugar is in DNA?	deoxyribose	73
5187392293	What sugar is in RNA?	ribose	74
5187495290	Which nucleic acid is single stranded?	RNA	75
5187501645	Which nucleic acid is double stranded?	DNA	76
5187505862	contains the information on how to make proteins	DNA	77
5187505863	helps make the proteins	RNA	78
5187507802	the recipe	DNA	79
5187507803	the chef	RNA	80