Chapter 34 Vocab - AP World History Flashcards

756541405	Pacific Rim	Region including Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan; typified by rapid growth rates, expanding exports, and industrialization; either Chinese or strongly influenced by Confucian values; considerable reliance on government planning and direction, limitations on dissent and instability	0
756541406	Taiwan	Island off Chinese mainland; became refuge for Nationalist Chinese regime under Chiang Kai-shek as Republic of China in 1948; successfully retained independence with aid of United States; rapidly industrialized after 1950s	1
756541407	Liberal Democratic party	Monopolized Japanese government from its formation in 1955 into the 1990s; largely responsible for the economic reconstruction of Japan	2
756541408	Republic of Korea	Southern half of Korea sponsored by United States following World War II; headed by nationalist Syngman Rhee; developed parliamentary institutions but maintained authoritarian government; defended by UN forces during Korean War; underwent industrialization and economic emergence after 1950s	3
756541409	People's Democratic Republic of Korea	Northern half of Korea dominated by USSR; long headed by Kim II-Sung; attacked south in 1950 and initiated Korean War; retained independence as a communist state after the war	4
756541410	Korean War	Fought from 1950 to 1953; North supported by USSR and later People's Republic of China; South supported by United States and small international United Nations force; ended in stalemate and continued division of Korea	5
756541411	Hong Kong	British colony on Chinese mainland; major commercial center; agreement reached between Britain and People's Republic of China returned colony to China in 1997	6
756541412	Hyundai	Example of huge industrial groups that wield great power in modern South Korea; virtually governed Korea's southeastern coast; vertical economic organization with ships, supertankers, factories, schools, and housing units	7
756541413	Chiang Ching-kuo	Son and successor of Chiang Kai-shek as ruler of Taiwanese government in 1978; continued authoritarian government; attempted to lessen gap between followers of his father and indigenous islanders	8
756541414	Lee Kuan Yew	Ruler of Singapore from independence in 1959 through three decades; established tightly controlled authoritarian government; ruled through People's Action party to suppress political diversity	9
756541415	People's Republic of China	Communist government of mainland China; proclaimed in 1949 following military success of Mao Zedong over forces of Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang	10
756541416	Lin Biao	(1907-1971) Chinese commander under Mao; trained at Chiang Kaishek's Whampoa Academy in the 1920s	11
756541417	party cadres	Basis for China's communist government organization; cadre advisors were attached to military contingents at all levels	12
756541418	People's Liberation Army	Chinese Communist army; administered much of country under People's Republic of China	13
756541419	Mass Line	Economic policy of Mao Zedong; led to formation of agricultural cooperatives in 1955; cooperatives became farming collectives in 1956	14
756541420	Great Leap Forward	Economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958; proposed industrialization of small-scale projects integrated into peasant communities; led to economic disaster; ended in 1960	15
756541421	pragmatists	Chinese Communist politicians such as Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, and Liu Shaoqui; determined to restore state direction and market incentives at the local level; opposed Great Leap Forward	16
756541422	Zhou Enlai	After Mao Zedong, the most important leader of the Communist party in China from the 1930s until his death in 1976; premier of China from 1954; notable as perhaps the most cosmopolitan and moderate of the inner circle of Communist leaders	17
756541423	Liu Shaoqui	Chinese Communist pragmatist; with Deng Xiaoping, came to power in 1959 after Mao was replaced; determined to restore state direction and market incentives at local level; purged in 1966 as Mao returned to power	18
756541424	Deng Xiaoping	One of the more pragmatic, least ideological of the major Communist leaders of China; joined the party as a young man in the 1920s, survived the legendary Long March and persecution during the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s, and emerged as China's most influential leader in the early 1980s	19
756541425	Jiang Qing	(1914-1991) Wife of Mao Zedong; one of Gang of Four; opposed pragmatists and supported Cultural Revolution of 1965; arrested and imprisoned for life in 1976	20
756541426	Cultural Revolution	Movement initiated in 1965 by Mao Zedong to restore his dominance over pragmatists; used mobs to ridicule Mao's political rivals; campaign was called off in 1968	21
756541427	Red Guard	Student brigades utilized by Mao Zedong and his political allies during the Cultural Revolution to discredit Mao's political enemies	22
756541428	Gang of Four	Jiang Qing and four political allies who attempted to seize control of Communist government in China from the pragmatists; arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1976 following Mao Zedong's death	23
756541429	Tayson Rebellion	Peasant revolution in southern Victnam during the late 1770s; succeeded in toppling the Nguyen dynasty; subsequently unseated the Trinh dynasty of northern Vietnam	24
756541430	Nguyen Anh	(1762-1820) Last surviving member of Nguyen dynasty following Tayson Rebellion in Vietnam; with French support retook southern Vietnam; drove Tayson from northern Vietnam by 1802; proclaimed himself emperor with capital at Hue; also known as Gia Long	25
756541431	Minh Mang	Second emperor of a united Vietnam; successor of Nguyen Anh; ruled from 1820 to 1841; sponsored emphasis of Confucianism; persecuted Catholics	26
756541432	Vietnamese Nationalist Party	Also known as the Vietnamese Quoc Dan Dong or VNQDD; active in 1920s as revolutionary force committed to violent overthrow of French colonialism	27
756541433	Communist party of Vietnam	Originally a wing of nationalist movement; became primary nationalist party after decline of VNQDD in 1929; led in late 1920s by Nguyen Ai Quoc, alias Ho Chi Minh	28
756541434	Ho Chi Minh	Also known as Nguyen Ai Quoc; led Vietnamese Communist party in struggle for liberation from French and U.S. dominance and to unify north and south Vietnam	29
756541435	Viet Minh	Communist-dominated Vietnamese nationalist movement; operated out of base in southern China during World War II; employed guerrilla tactics similar to the Maoists in China	30
756541436	Vo Nguyen Giap	Chief military commander of the Viet Minh; architect of the Vietnamese victory over the French at Dien Dien Phu in 1954	31
756541437	Dien Bien Phu	Most significant victory of the Viet Minh over French colonial forces in 1954; gave the Viet Minh control of northern Vietnam	32
756541438	Ngo Dinh Diem	Political leader of South Vietnam; established as president with United States support in the 1950s; opposed Communist government of North Vietnam; overthrown by military coup approved by United States	33
756541439	Viet Cong	Name given by Diem regime to communist guerrilla movement in southern Vietnam; reorganized with northern Vietnamese assistance as the National Liberation Front in 1958	34