AP World History Flashcards

2820888346	Civilization	the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced	0
2820888347	Monumental Agriculture	to archaeologists anyway, refers to large man-made structures of stone or earth	1
2820888951	Ziggurat	a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple	2
2820888952	Cuneiform	denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia	3
2820889273	Hieroglyphics	designating or pertaining to a pictographic script, particularly that of the ancient Egyptians, in which many of the symbols are conventionalized, recognizable pictures of the things represented	4
2820889957	Vedas/Vedic Tradition	the most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance on ritual for the priests of Vedic religion	5
2820889958	Zoroastrianism	an Iranian religion, founded c600 b.c. by Zoroaster, the principal beliefs of which are in the existence of a supreme deity, Ahura Mazda, and in a cosmic struggle between a spirit of good and a spirit of evil	6
2820890688	Polytheism	the belief of many gods	7
2820890689	Monotheism	the belief of one god	8
2820891103	Environmental Determinism	the belief that the physical environment predisposes human social development towards particular trajectories	9
2820891388	Mandate of Heaven	an ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly	10
2820891902	Pictographic Writing	a form of writing which uses representational, pictorial drawings, similarly to cuneiform and, to some extent, hieroglyphic writing, which also uses drawings as phonetic letters or determinative rhymes	11
2820892272	Oracle Bones	pieces of turtle shell or bone, normally from ox scapulae or turtle plastrons, which were used for pyromancy - a form of divination - in ancient China, mainly during the late Shang dynasty	12
2820892273	Pharoh	a ruler in ancient Egypt	13
2820892274	Ur	city of ancient Sumer	14
2820892275	Centralized	concentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority	15
2820892744	Decentralized	transfer (authority) from central to local government	16
2820892745	City-States	a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state	17
2820893557	Ancestor Veneration	the custom of venerating deceased ancestors who are considered still a part of the family and whose spirits are believed to have the power to intervene in the affairs of the living	18
2820893558	Aryans	relating to or denoting a people speaking an Indo-European language who invaded northern India in the 2nd millennium BC	19
2820893559	Hierarchy	a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority	20
2820893973	Divine	of, from, or like God or a god	21
2820893974	Bartering	exchange (goods or services) for other goods or services without using money	22
2820893975	Irrigation	the watering of land to make it ready for agriculture	23
2820894799	Hammarabi's Code	a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BCE. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world	24
2820894800	Iron Metallurgy	1000 BCE used iron, replaced bronze b/c bronze was too expensive	25
2820894861	Chariots	a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle used in ancient warfare and racing	26