AP Language - Argumentation Flashcards

6463800746	Claim	A point that you are trying to argue (could be for or against something)	0
6463801446	Evidence	Any examples (statistics, books, experiences) that you draw on to support an argument that you are making	1
6463802888	Warrant	The explanation that shows how the evidence supports the claim—often referred to as analysis	2
6463803970	Logic	The support and connection of ideas in a well-sequenced and methodical way	3
6463804887	Deductive Reasoning	A form of reasoning in which a specific conclusion is drawn from more general premises	4
6463807793	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which one draws a conclusion from a major premise and a minor premise	5
6463810046	Conclusion (of reasoning)	The idea one arrives at through reasoning and that becomes the claim of an argument (also known as top-down reasoning)	6
6463813385	Hypothesis	A supposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence and that requires further investigation	7
6463814462	Logical Fallacy	A pattern of reasoning that might appear to be sound and valid but is actually flawed	8
6463815969	Inference	A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning	9
6463817043	Generalization	A statement asserting something to be true of all members of a certain group	10
6463818308	Ad Hominem	A personal attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself	11
6463819621	Begging the Question/Circular Reasoning	An argument that assumes what it is trying to prove is true	12
6463819978	Ethos	Using one's own moral character or expertise to strengthen the validity of an argument	13
6463820907	Refutation	Unpacking an argument and explaining its flaws in an attempt to discredit it	14
6463821672	Inductive Reasoning	A process of reasoning that is used to explain what is likely to happen in a given situation	15
6463825224	Counter-Argument	An argument put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.	16
6463831695	Validity	A quality of an argument in which conclusion logically follows from the given premises	17
6463832957	Red Herring	A logical fallacy in which an argument is redirected to another topic	18
6463834509	Pathos	Appealing to an audience's emotions to make an argument	19
6463834949	Misleading Statistics	Statistics that do not reveal the entire picture of their context	20
6463835883	Persuasion	The use of ethos, pathos, and Kairos in addition to logos to make an argument	21
6463836348	Logos	Appealing to an audience's ability to reason to make an argument	22
6463837929	A Call to Action	Inviting the audience to do something based on the argument that you have made	23
6463838930	Straw Man	A logical fallacy in which one misrepresents an argument in an attempt to show that it is weak/invalid	24
6463839560	Non Sequitur	Off-topic	25
6463840101	Kairos	Effectively using timing in making an argument	26
6463840833	False Dilemma	A logical fallacy in which only a limited number of alternatives is presented as being viable	27
6463841448	False equivalency	Making an improper comparison between two things	28