AP World History Chapter 6 Flashcards

5291246015	Islam	A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.	0
5291246016	Allah	Islamic God	1
5291246017	Muslim	An adherent of the Islamic religion.	2
5291246018	Muhammad	Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.	3
5291246019	Qur'an	The holy book containing Allah's revelations to Muhammad Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam.	4
5291246020	bedouin	Arab nomads	5
5291246021	shaykhs	leaders of the tribes and clans	6
5291246022	Mecca	City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion.	7
5291246023	Umayyad	(661-750) first ruling dynasty over the Muslim Caliphate	8
5291246024	Quraysh	Tribe of bedouins that controlled Mecca in 7th century BCE	9
5291246025	Ka'ba	one of the most revered religious shrines in pre-Islamic Arabia	10
5291246026	Medina	The city of the prophet (Muhammed)	11
5291246027	Khadijah	the widow of a wealthy merchant	12
5291246028	Ali	Muhammad's clansman	13
5291246029	umma	the community of the faithful, transcended old tribal boundaries	14
5291246030	zakat	a tax fro charity	15
5291246031	five pillars	principles that must be accepted and followed by all believers, which provided the basis for an underlying religious unity	16
5291246032	Ramadan	enhanced community solidarity and allowed the faithful to demonstrate their fervor	17
5291246033	hajj	pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca	18
5291246034	the caliph	the political and religious successor to Muhammad	19
5291246035	Abu Bakr	caliph from 632 to 634	20
5291246036	Ridda Wars	Wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored unity of Islam	21
5291246037	jihads	holy wars launched to forcibly spread the Muslim faith	22
5291246038	Copts	Christian sect of Egypt; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule.	23
5291246039	Nestorians	A Christian sect found in Asia; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions	24
5291246040	Uthman	Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan	25
5291246041	Battle of Siffin	Fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party	26
5291246042	Mu'awiya	second caliph of Umayyad Dynasty, 660-680	27
5291246043	Sunnis	Political and theological division within Islam; supported the Umayyads	28
5291246044	Shi'a	a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammed's son-in-law Ali as the true rulers of Islam	29
5291246045	Karbala	site of the defeat and death of Husayn, the son of Ali.	30
5291246046	Damascus	the political center of community under the Umayyads	31
5291246047	mawali	Muslim converts	32
5291246048	jizya	head tax	33
5291246049	dhimmi	"people of the book"	34
5291246050	hadiths	traditions of the prophet	35
5291246051	Abbasid party	party that traced its decent from Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas	36
5291246052	Battle on the River Zab	Victory of Abbasids over Umayyads; resulted in conquest of Syria and capture of Umayyad capital	37
5291246053	Baghdad	Abbasid capital Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon	38
5291246054	wazir	chief administrator and head of the caliph's inner councils	39
5291246055	dhows	sailing vessels with lateen (triangular) sails	40
5291246056	ayan	a wealthy and deeply entrenched landed elite	41