Cellular Signaling Flashcards

6087358664	4 types of cell signaling strategies	endocrine, paracrine, neuronal, contact-dependent	0
6087362918	endocrine signaling	long range, uses hormones	1
6087365480	paracrine signaling	local, secreted proteins	2
6087371850	neuronal signaling	long or short range depending on the length of the neuron, electrical signals cause secretion of neurotransmitters	3
6087378891	contact-dependent	short range, membrane bound signaling proteins/glycoproteins	4
6087386878	3 key events during cell signaling	reception, transduction, response	5
6087397622	intracellular receptors	inside the cell, interact with molecules that can cross cell membrane on their own, undergo conformational changes upon binding	6
6087400109	cell-surface receptors	interact with molecules that do not cross the cell membrane on their own	7
6087435611	steroid hormone signaling	1) steroid molecules diffuse through cell membrane 2) bind to nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) to form dimer 3) transported into the nucleus 4) acts as activator and leads to transcription ENDOCRINE	8
6087449450	nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs)	have ligand binding domain (LBD) and DNA binding domain (DBD), transcription factor	9
6087463233	nuclear translocation	molecule transported into the nucleus	10
6087477697	guanylyl cyclase (GC)	enzyme that nitric oxide binds to, activation results in GTP being converted into cyclic GDP, rapid relaxation of smooth muscle (dilation of blood vessels) PARACRINE	11
6087541387	viagra	phosphodiesterase inhibitor, in order for it to act fast it acts directly on protein (add to this)	12
6087568488	3 basic classes of cell-surface receptors	1) ion-channel-coupled receptors 2) G-protein-coupled receptors 3) enzyme-coupled receptors	13
6087584675	ion-channel-coupled receptors	ligand causes channels to open, ions rush in and effect cell changes	14
6087601625	G-protein-coupled receptors	ligand binding to receptor causes conformational change that activates "G-protein" - a protein that binds GTP and can activate/repress enzymes	15
6087601626	enzyme-coupled receptors	ligand binding causes a conformational change that activates intracellular enzyme	16
6087599223	ligand	signaling molecule	17
6087665126	GPCRs & G-protein	cell-surface receptors, most drugs target them, G-proteins inactive but exchange GDP for GTP when they interact with ligand-bound receptors (GPCRs), G-protein alpha and beta-gamma subunits dissociate and activate enzymes or target proteins	18
6087724720	adrenaline	1) GPCR activated 2) adenylyl cyclase (AC) activated and converts ATP to cAMP (cyclic AMP) 3) cAMP activated PKA (kinase) 4) phosphorylation cascade 5) glycogen breakdown	19
6087811279	epipen	1) epinephrine binds the G-PCR 2) activation of the G-protein 3) activation of adenylyl cyclase 4) second message, cAMP 5) phosphorylation cascade 5) causes smooth muscle cells to relax	20
6087843342	cAMP/PKA gene expression	can change gene expression, PKA can phosphorylate and activate transcription factors that active or repress genes	21
6087907844	Phospholipase C (PPC)	can be activated by GPCRs, cleaves a particular type of phospholipid into IP3 and DAG, results in first cellular division	22
6087920994	IP3	opens Ca2+ channels in ER	23
6087925984	DAG	co-factor with Ca2+ for PKC which phosphorylates target proteins	24
6088086740	receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)	enzyme-coupled receptors, ligand binding to receptors activates kinase activity in the receptor (auto-phosphorylation of the dimer receptor), active receptor can interact with a GTP-binding protein/G-protein called Ras	25
6088107640	Ras	G-protein, activates a protein kinase cascade that leads to cell growth/division	26
6088117470	MAP kinase	mitogen activated protein kinase	27
6088212528	acytylcholine effects on different cells	(A) heart muscle --> decreased rate and force of contraction (B) salivary gland --> secreation (C) skeletal muscle --> contraction	28
6088235088	notch signaling pathway	delta/serate/LAG-2 family ligands (DSL) on one cell binds delta receptor (Notch) and cleaves tail, cleaved tail migrates to nucleus, results in transcription of notch-responsive genes CONTACT DEPENDENT	29
6088235089	presenilin	cleaves the Notch intracellular domain upon ligand binding	30
6088332640	dopamine receptor	neuronal signaling pathway that produces pleasure feeling, receptor is a GPCR called DRD2, reduces cAMP production and activate phosphorylation	31