AP Literature: Syntax Flashcards
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| 197330007 | chiasmus | a statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed ("Susan walked in, and out rushed Mary.") | 0 | |
| 197330008 | polysyndeton | using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted (e.g., 'He ran and jumped and laughed for joy') | 1 | |
| 197330009 | asyndeton | When the conjunctions (such as "and" or "but") that would normally connect a string of words, phrases, or clauses are omitted from a sentence; (e.g., "I came, I saw, I conquered.") | 2 | |
| 197330010 | periodic sentence | The opposite of a cumulative/loose sentence. A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end, preceded by phrases or clauses that cannot stand alone. It can create a dramatic effect, as it keeps the reader in suspense about what is going to happen. (e.g., "I have been assured by a very knowing American friend of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nourished is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked or boiled." Jonathan Swift) | 3 | |
| 197330011 | cumulative/loose sentence | A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by phrases and clauses. (e.g., "He dipped his hands in the bichloride solution and shook them--a quick shake, fingers down, like the fingers of a pianist above the keys."--Sinclair Lewis) | 4 | |
| 197330012 | anaphora | the repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences, adding emphasis to idea. (e.g., "Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better.") | 5 | |
| 197330013 | balanced sentence | a sentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast ("If thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought."--George Orwell) | 6 | |
| 197330014 | parallel sentence (parallelism) | Two or more words or constructions must be in the same grammatical form - infinitives, verbs, gerunds, participles, prepositional phrases, clauses, etc. This style is impressive and pleasing to hear, elaborates rhythm and order, and shows economy by using one element of a sentence to server three or four others. (e.g., "To complain of the age we live in, to murmur at the present possessors of power, to lament the past, to conceive extravagant hopes of the future, are the common dispositions of the greatest part of mankind.") | 7 | |
| 197330015 | clause | a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb | 8 | |
| 197330016 | phrase | an expression forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence but not containing a finite verb | 9 | |
| 202019302 | inverted syntax | a sentence constructed so that the predicate comes before the subject helps emphasize a particular part of the sentence; instead of SVO, inverted syntax is OSV. (e.g., "The castle of Macduff I will surprise.") | 10 | |
| 202019305 | sentence variety | using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect | 11 | |
| 202019306 | simple sentence | a sentence having no coordinate clauses or subordinate clauses | 12 | |
| 202019307 | compound sentence | a sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions | 13 | |
| 202019308 | complex sentence | a sentence composed of at least one main clause and one subordinate clause | 14 | |
| 202019309 | compound-complex sentence | at least one dependent clause and two or more independent clauses | 15 | |
| 202019310 | appositive | a noun or noun phrase that renames the noun it follows: "Mr. X, my engineering professor, is smart and strange." | 16 | |
| 2806286771 | rhetorical question | A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer | 17 | |
| 7301453876 | telegraphic sentence | A sentence shorter than five words. | 18 | |
| 7301463528 | declarative sentence | A statement: "The clock struck eight. She waited. Nobody came." | 19 | |
| 7301465041 | interrogative sentence | A question: "Why are you interrogating me?" | 20 | |
| 7301465751 | imperative sentence | A command: "Write to the local station. Try to convince others you are right." | 21 | |
| 7301467672 | exclamatory sentence | A a sentence that conveys excitement or force | 22 | |
| 7301469005 | active voice | the subject is doing the action: "Samson mailed the letter." | 23 | |
| 7301469433 | passive voice | the subject receives the action: "The letter was mailed by Samson." | 24 |