Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards

5541397127	P wave	atrial depolarization 1	0
5541397128	P-R Interval	Span of time from the start of the P wave until the start of the Q wave 4	1
5541397129	P-R segment	End of P deflection to start of Q deflection End of 1 beg. of 2	2
5541397130	R wave	C	3
5541397131	Q wave	B	4
5541397132	S wave	D	5
5541397133	QRS interval/Complex	ventricular depolarization 2	6
5541397134	S-T segment	Start of S defection to start of T deflection 5	7
5541397135	Q-T interval	Span of time from the start of the Q wave until the end of the T wave 6	8
5541397136	T wave	Ventricular repolarization E	9
5541397137	U wave		10
5541397138	R-R interval	Peak of R wave to peak of next R wave One complete heart beat	11
5541555397	resting membrane potential	determined by the conductance to K+ and approaches the K+ equilibrium potential	12
5541563140	________ brings positive charge into the cell and ________ the membrane potential	inward current, depolarizes	13
5541569073	______ takes positive charge out of the cell and ________ the membrane potential	outward current, hyperpolarizes	14
5541576039	What maintains ionic gradient across cell membranes?	ATPase (Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase)	15
5541589563	phase 0	upstroke	16
5541591423	phase 1	initial repolarization	17
5541591424	phase 2	plateau of action potential	18
5541594071	phase 3	repolarization	19
5541594073	phase 4	resting membrane potential	20
5541603012	produced by the activation of Na+ channels	(ventricular action potential) phase 0	21
5541627373	produced by inactivation of Na+ channels	(VAP) phase 1	22
5541632197	caused primarily by the activation of Ca2+ channels	(VAP) phase 2	23
5541653946	caused by closer (inactivation) of Ca2+ channels and K+ efflux through various types of K+ channels	(VAP) phase 4	24
5541397139	Intrinsic conduction system		25
5541397140	Cardiac pacemaker cells	create rhythmic impulses that set the pace for blood pumping and directly control heart rate	26
5541397141	Sinoatrial (SA) node	located inferior to the entrance of the superior vena cava in the right atrium	27
5541397142	Atrioventricular (AV) node	in the lower atrial sept at the junction of the atria and ventricles	28
5541397143	AV bundle (bundle of His)	connects the atria to the ventricles	29
5541397144	Bundle branches	conduct the impulses through the interventricular septum	30
5541397145	Subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)	depolarizes the contractile cells of both ventricles	31
5541397146	Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)	graphic recording of the electrical changes occurring during the cardiac cycle	32
5541397147	Segment	consists of the region between two waves	33
5541397148	Interval	contains a segment and one or more waves	34
5541397149	Tachycardia	heart rate over 100 bpm	35
5541397150	Bradycardia	heart rate below 60 bpm	36
5541397151	Fibrillation	condition of rapid uncoordinated heart contractions (prolonged tachycardia may progress to this)	37
5541397152	Prolonged P-R interval sign of ___	first-degree heart block	38
5541397153	Systole	ventricular contraction	39
5541397154	Diastole	ventricular relaxation	40
5541397155	Cardiac cycle	equivalent to one complete heart beat during which both atria and ventricles contract and relax	41
5541397156	Quiescent period		42
5541397157	Murmurs	abnormal heart sounds	43
5541397158	Pulse	alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle	44
5541397159	Pulse Pressure	systolic-diastolic	45
5541397160	Apical Pulse	apex of the heart	46
5541397161	Which pulse (apical/radial) may be slightly faster than the other because of a slight lag in time as blood rushes from the heart into the large arteries where it can be palpated	Apical pulse	47
5541397162	Pulse deficit	simultaneously measuring the apical and radial pulse rates	48
5541397163	A large difference of ___ __ could indicate cardiac impairment, low CO, or abnormal heart rhythms	pulse deficit	49
5541397164	9 areas to palpate pulse		50
5541397165	Blood pressure	the pressure the blood exerts against any unit area of the blood vessel walls (generally measured int he arteries) (mmHg)	51
5541397166	Systolic pressure	the pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction	52
5541397167	Diastolic pressure	the pressure during ventricular relaxation	53
5541397168	Sounds of Korotkoff	indicate the resumption of blood flow into the forearm	54
5541397169	First Korotkoff sound	snapping sound first heard at the systolic pressure	55
5541397170	Second Korotkoff sound	murmurs b/w systolic and diastolic pressures	56
5541397171	Third Korotkoff sound	loud, crisp tapping sound	57
5541397172	Fourth Korotkoff sound	within 10mmHg above diastolic BP	58
5541397173	Fifth Korotkoff sound	silence as the cuff pressure drops below diastolic BP	59
5541397174	Sphygmomanometer	blood pressure cuff	60
5541397175	Pulse wave velocity	PWV=Distance/(PTT finger - PTT elbow) PTT pulse transit time	61
5541397176	Mean arterial pressure (MAP)	MAP=diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure/3)	62
5541397177	Venous Pressure	Pv= [1.056 x mm (measured)] / 13.6	63
5541397178	Valsalva maneuver	increases intrathoracic pressure by the forced exhalation over a closed glottis.	64