AP Language Arts Flashcards

4758699163	Aristotelian or Rhetorical Triangle	A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.	0
4758699164	Audience	The listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Multiple	1
4758699165	Concession	Acknowledgement that opposing argument may be true or reasonable.	2
4758699166	Connotation	Meanings readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation. Positive or negative usually, greatly affect authors tone	3
4758699167	Context	Circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, events surrounding a text	4
4758699168	Counterargument	Opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. Address through concession and refutation	5
4758699169	Ethos	Greek for "character". Credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. Who you are and what you say.	6
4758699170	Logos	"Embodied thought". Offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up.	7
4758699171	Occasion	The time and place s speech is given or a piece is written	8
4758699172	Pathos	"Suffering" or "experience". Appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience. Play on audience's values, desires, hopes, prejudice, fears	9
4758699173	Persona	Greek for "mask". Face or character that a speaker shows his or her audience.	10
4758699174	Polemic	Greek for "hostile". Aggressive argument that tried to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Generally do not concede that opposing opinions have any merit.	11
4758699175	Propaganda	Spread of ideas and information to further a cause. Negatively, use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics in order to damage or promote a cause.	12
4758699176	Purpose	The goal the speaker wants to achieve.	13
4758699177	Refutation	Denial of validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, refutations often follow a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be reasonable or true.	14
4758699178	Rhetoric	"the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion." In other words, art of finding ways to persuade an audience.	15
4758699179	Rhetorical appeals	Rhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling.	16
4758699180	SOAPS	Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker.	17
4758699181	Speaker	Person or group who creates a text. Might be politician, commentator artist, or even a company.	18
4758699182	Subject	The topic/ what it is about.	19
4758699183	Text	Any cultural product that can be "read"- meaning not just consumed and comprehended, but investigated. This includes fiction, nonfiction, poetry, political cartoons, fine art.	20
4758699184	Alliteration	Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence.	21
4758699185	Allusion	Brief reference to a person, place, event, or place or to a work of art.	22
4758699186	Anaphora	Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines.	23
4758699187	Antimetabole	Repetition of words in reverse order.	24
4758699188	Antithesis	Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction.	25
4758699189	Archaic diction	Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words.	26
4758699190	Asyndeton	Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.	27
4758699191	Cumulative sentence	Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds up and adds on.	28
4758699192	Hortative sentence	Sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action.	29
4758699193	Imperative sentence	Sentence used to command or enjoin.	30
4758699194	Inversion	Inverted order of words in a sentence.	31
4758699195	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences.	32
4758699196	Metaphor	Figure of speech that compares two things without using "like" or "as" .	33
4758699197	Oxymoron	Paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another.	34
4758699198	Parallelism	Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.	35
4758699199	Periodic sentence	Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end.	36
4758699200	Personification	Attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea.	37
4758699201	Rhetorical sentence	Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer.	38
4758699202	Synecdoche	Figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole.	39
4758699203	Zeugma	Use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings.	40