AP Language Semester 1 Flashcards

5759631207	Forensics	establish past knowledge and rely on cause and effect	0
5759639344	Deliberative	future arguments based on post influence	1
5759640338	Definition	does a known object being in a specific category?	2
5759643189	Causation	what caused something to be	3
5759644428	Evaluation	quality of something	4
5759646933	Proposal	actions to solve a problem	5
5759650520	Arguable Proposition	action should be taken	6
5759652740	Correlative	shows a relationship between ideas, events, and occurences	7
5759656353	Expository Writing	explains or informs	8
5759658462	Descriptive Writing	writing that tries to describe the idea in order to help the reader visualize it	9
5759662792	Narrative Writing	writing that tells a story by recounting events	10
5759668752	Persuasive Writing	writing that tries to influence a reader's thinking	11
5759671288	Classification	writing that places a subject, (person , place, or thing), into categories	12
5759677588	Extended Definition	fuller description than a dictionary	13
5759679289	Exemplification	giving an example	14
5759682558	Compare/Contrast	how a subject is alike or different	15
5759683722	Cause and Effect	starts with a subject and then shows the effect of it or causes of it	16
5759686723	Claim	controversial and debatable statement	17
5759690281	Qualifiers	limit your claim to a more reasonable level	18
5759692979	Rebuttal	the ability to view the other side's argument and decide whether it raises points	19
5759697583	Concession	counterpart that overrides the opponents point	20
5759701522	Refutation	to bring up opponent argument in order to show flaws in argument	21
5759707073	Antanagoge	the placing of an unavoidable negative point next to a positive one	22
5759710955	Procatalepsis	raising objections to your own argument that you want to address	23
5759714657	Irrelevance	showing that an opponent's argument does not apply to the point you are making	24
5759717464	Counter Claim	taking a claim and showing the opposing view	25
5759720956	Induction	a method of reasoning that moves from specific instances to a general conclusion	26
5759725193	Deduction	a method of reasoning that moves from general to specific	27
5759728889	Generality	An imprecise or vague statement or idea	28
5759730760	Analogy	using a simpler idea or system to explain a more complex idea or system	29
5759733399	Sign	the notion that certain types of evidence are symptomatic of some wider principle	30
5759737306	Causal	An occurrence or even in the result of, or is affected by, factor X	31
5759744676	Authority	using various individuals of prominence to support and idea	32
5759748140	Principle	an abstract belief among people	33
5759749227	Syllogism	in logic, a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major and minor premise, and a conclusion	34
5759754681	Contextual	background information that establishes the parameters of the argument	35
5759758676	Pathos	appeal to emotions	36
5759760269	Ethos	appeal to ethics	37
5759760270	Logos	appeal to logic and reason	38
5759766183	Anadiplosis	takes the last word of a sentence or phrase and repeats it as the first word of the next sentence or phrase	39
5759769686	Asyndeton	leaves out conjunctions in a non- standard way	40
5759774663	Polysyndeton	adding coordinators after every member in a list	41
5759777503	Antithesis	opposite	42
5759779677	Anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a series of sentences or clauses adding emphasis	43
5759783969	Parallelism	balance of structure	44
5759786459	Zeugma	a structure in which two elements of a sentence are linked by a governing third element in a suggestive way	45
5759789977	Chiasmus	a special form of parallelism that flips the original form around	46
5759793475	Juxtaposition	an act or instance of placing close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast	47
5759800104	Periodic Sentence	a sentence that is not grammatically correct until the physical end of the sentence	48
5759804047	Loose Sentence	A sentence in which the sentence is grammatically complete before it's physically complete	49
5759809353	Apothegm(atic)	a short, simple sentence that follows a series of longer more complex sentences	50
5759812790	Hypophora	asking a question and then proceeding to answer it	51
5759815880	Metaphor	a comparison of two things without using "like" or "as"	52
5759818227	Simile	a comparison of two things using "like" or "as"	53
5759820788	Personification	giving non-human object human-like characteristics	54
5759828997	Hyperbole	over exaggeration of something	55
5759831378	Irony	where the unexpected outcome takes place	56
5759843796	Synecdoche	a figure of speech where a part is used to reference a whole	57
5759846595	Synesthesia	confusion of the senses	58
5759848780	Genre	class or category of writing	59
5759849982	Diction	author's word choice	60
5759852135	Denotation	dictionary definition	61
5759854291	Connotation	emotional association of a word	62
5759855774	Euphemism	taking an unpleasant idea and making it sound better	63
5759857994	Cliche	a phrase or expression that has been used so often it's no longer original	64
5759861202	Semantics	study of language and use of words	65
5759862584	Litotes	emphasizes a point by using a word opposite to the condition. Denies the contrary	66
5759866391	Malapropism	humorous confusion of words	67
5759869750	Colloquialism	regional term	68
5759871089	Motif	repeated element in a work	69
5759874406	Archetype	a symbol that transcends time and culture	70
5759877672	Satire	wit used to attack and mock	71
5759883387	Caricature	to make or give a comically or grotesquely exaggerated representation of someone or something	72
5759888311	Parody	imitative use of the words, style, attitude, tone, and ideas of an author, genre, or style in such way to make them ridiculous	73
5759893731	Symbolism	a sign	74
5759896676	Paradox	idea that looks false at first but there is truth to it	75
5759898898	Oxymoron	contradictory statement	76
5759900372	Allusion	famous historical reference	77
5759903020	Epigraph	writing on the outside	78
5759903021	Objective	viewing something w/ out bias	79
5759904871	Subjective	viewing something w/ bias	80
5759907735	Digression	slowly getting off topic	81
5759909813	Non Sequitar	being completely off topic	82
5759980972	Ad Hominem Fallacy	involves ignoring the issue at attacking the opponent personally. Sometimes it is subtle.	83
5759997748	Ad Hominem tu quoque Fallacy	hypocrisy argument	84
5760006804	You're-not-qualified fallacy	involves failing to address the issue that's been raised by an opponent and attacking his qualifications instead	85
5760016803	Ad Populum Fallacy	involves the attempt to win an argument by appealing to the masses, the audience, a mob, or a crowd instead of appealing to reason	86
5760032608	Appeal to Emotion Fallacy	fallacy is used when the arguer takes advantage of emotion to prove his case. Emotions often used include fear, flattery, pity, ridicule and spite	87
5760049785	Appeal to Ignorance Fallacy	involves arguing that something is true because the opposite has not been proven (Argumentum ad Ignorantiam)	88
5760055446	Appeal to Force Fallacy	involves threatening someone to get him/her to agree with a stance (Arguementum ad baculum)	89
5760060949	Red Herring Fallacy	involves taking the audience's attention off of the issues at hand and focusing it on an unrelated issue	90
5760064940	Over-Generalization Fallacy	involves assigning a characteristic to an entire group on the basis of only one or two observations	91
5760069791	Guilt by Association Fallacy	involves holding that two unlike items or persons can be equated, one with the other, because of a single common characteristic or belief	92
5760077582	Hasty Generalization Fallacy	logical fallacy in which not enough evidence is used to come to a conclusion	93
5760086706	Thin, entering wedge Fallacy	involves directly projecting past or present observations into the future without considering factors that could alter the direction or the magnitude of the projection	94
5760094966	Cause and Effect Fallacy	involves assuming that just because event A preceded event B, event A must necessarily be the cause of event B (Post Hoc)	95
5760102295	Misused Appeal to Authority Fallacy	involves believing that those held to be wise or those who are famous cannot be wrong	96
5760106167	Figures Prove Fallacy	manipulation of statistics	97
5760110203	Begging the Question Fallacy	involves offering a conclusion that turns out to be the premise, just restated (a circular argument)	98
5760128684	Self-Evident Truth Fallacy	involves stating a conclusion without first offering the necessary premises for that conclusion	99
5760134616	Non Sequitur Fallacy	involves the argument in which the conclusion does not follow its premise. A=B; B=C; therefore, A=C	100
5760147113	Argument Ad Nauseam Fallacy	false conception that a statement is likely to be true if it has been repeated many times (Argument from Repetition)	101
5760151847	Slippery Slope Fallacy	similar to thin, entering wedge. Arguer is claiming that one action in the present will result in more problems in the future	102
5760158510	Straw Man Fallacy	the act of misrepresenting another's opinion so that you can present a case that is easily knocked down	103
5760163985	Either-or Fallacy	the false dilemma is when a debater narrows down a complicated issue to an either-or situation	104
5760168597	False Analogy Fallacy	involves offering an item as analogous to another item despite the absence of a marked similarity between the two items	105
5760178540	Oversimplification Fallacy	involves representing a complex and/or multifaceted problem in a simplistic manner	106
5760183334	Gambler's Fallacy	involves believing that the laws of chance indicate something will happen	107
5760189388	Types of Argument	Definition, Evaluation, Ethics, Proposal, Causation (DEEPC)	108
5760197401	Rhetorical Situation	Persona, Audience, Purpose, Rhetorical Moves (MAPP)	109
5760200020	Purposes	Physical, Intellectual, Emotional	110
5760203857	Types of Support	Statistics, Facts, Authority, Examples, Anecdotes, Narrative (SAFE AN)	111
5760207165	Coherence	Transition, Reminder of Topic, Explanation of Support	112
5760214738	Types of Irony	Verbal: "Nice Hair", Structural: form doesn't match function "Modest Proposal", Dramatic: Oedipus, Situational: Fahrenheit 451, Cosmic: Oedipus- gods manipulate, Romantic: author misleads	113
5760236805	Types of Satire	Horatian: tolerant, witty, wise, Juvenalian: angry, caustic, resentful, Understatement: force of a descriptive statement, Direct: Talks directly to the audience, Indirect: is produced by modes, Wit: Intelligent humor, Low Brow: sexual jokes	114
5760321275	Apostrophe	where the author comes out of the form they are writing	115
5760339304	Types of Reasoning	Generality, Analogy, Sign, Causal, Authority, Principle (GASCAP)	116
6333513123	Metonomy	when one word replaces another	117
6333514417	Understatement	the presentation of something smaller, worse, or less important than it is	118
6333519982	Jargon	language that is particular to a trait or perfection	119
6333524567	Vernacular	native language of a place	120
6333528497	Figurative Imagery	to use objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses	121
6333532883	Lampoon	creative works that uses sharp humor to point to the foolishness of a person, institution, or human nature in general	122
6333537296	Dialectic	centers on a proposed argument or thesis, and then counters that point of view with possible opposing ideas	123
6333543398	Pastoral	writing that extolls the virtue of the countryside/nature	124
6333546532	Didactic	emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in literature	125
6333548970	Allegory	characters and events are symbols that stand for ideas about human life or for political or historical situations	126
6333553894	Pedantry	writing that is overwrought with rules and form	127
6333556053	Discourse	written or spoken communications	128