AP Language Flashcards

6779081635	English	English	0
6779081636	adage	a proverb or wise saying commonly used (ex: Things are not always as they seem.)	1
6779081637	allegory	a story in which people, things and happenings have a hidden or symbolic meaning.(fables, parables, apologue have meanings on two or more levels.)	2
6779081638	alliteration	words used in quick succession and begin with letters belonging to the same sound group; a repetition of similar sounds/letters in the sentence. (Wicked witch of the west went her own way.)	3
6779081639	allusion	a passing reference to a commonly-known historical, cultural, religious, literary, or mythical person, place, event, or work of art, whereby the reader must make the connection within the current text.	4
6779081640	ambiguity	multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, passage or sentence; can lead reader toward uncertainty of meaning	5
6779081641	analogy	establishing a relationship based on similarities between two concepts or ideas; helps convey meaning of a new idea	6
6779081642	anaphora	the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect; most commonly found in the Bible (O Lord,.for I am weak.O Lord, heal me. O Lord, have mercy on me.)	7
6779081643	anecdote	short and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point and make readers and listeners laugh; Anecdotes can include an extensive range of tales and stories	8
6779081644	antecedent	word, phrase, or clause that is replaced by a pronoun	9
6779081645	antimetabole	repetition of words in reverse grammatical order; Ex: "Fair is foul and foul is fair."	10
6779081646	antithesis	parallel structures of the contrasted phrases or clauses, i.e. the structures of phrases and clauses are similar in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers; Ex: "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."	11
6779081647	apostrophe	speaker talks to someone or something that is obviously not present	12
6779081648	appositive	a renaming of a noun or noun phrase immediately after first stating the noun	13
6779081649	archetype	A detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response	14
6779081650	argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence	15
6779081651	asyndeton	author purposely leaves out conjunctions in the sentence, while maintaining the grammatical accuracy of the phrase; shortening the statement for greater impact; "Reduce, reuse, recycle."	16
6779081652	audience	those to whom a piece of literary work is being presented	17
6779081653	cacophony	Tremendous noise, disharmonious sound	18
6779081654	characterization	Actions, dialogue, and narrative description that reveal a sense of a character's personality to the reader.	19
6779081655	circumlocution	an indirect or wordy way of expressing an idea which leaves the reader perplexed; exaggeratedly long and complex sentences in order to convey a meaning that could have otherwise been conveyed through a shorter, much simpler sentence	20
6779081656	climax	that point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest. Also called "turning point"	21
6779081657	colloquial	Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing	22
6779081658	concession	An argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point.	23
6779081659	conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; unusual and unlikely comparisons between two things	24
6779081660	connotation	associations people make with words that go beyond the literal or dictionary definition	25
6779081661	context	The parts before or after a word or statement that influence its meaning	26
6779081662	counter argument	an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.	27
6779081663	cumulative sentence	a sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases	28
6779081664	denotation	Dictionary definition of a word; literal meaning	29
6779081665	denouement	an outcome or solution; the unraveling of a plot	30
6779081666	detail	The facts revealed by the author or speaker that support the attitude or tone in a piece of poetry or prose.	31
6779081667	diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words	32
6779081668	elegy	a mournful, melancholy, or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead.	33
6779081669	ellipsis	in a sentence, the omission of a word or words replaced by three periods ...	34
6779081670	epic	A long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society	35
6779081671	ethos	One of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. Ethos is basically an appeal to credibility. The writer is seeking to convince you that he or she has the background, history, skills, and/or expertise to speak on the issue.	36
6779081672	euphemism	From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept - POLITICALLY CORRECT	37
6779081673	exposition	Background information presented in a literary work.	38
6779081674	hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. (The literal Greek meaning is "overshoot.") Hyperboles often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, hyperbole produces irony.	39
6779081675	imagery	use of words and phrases to create "mental images" for the reader; helps the reader visualize more realistically the author's writings through the usage of metaphors, allusions, descriptive words and similes	40
6779081676	imperative sentences	gives a command or request; often subject is understood and sentence ends with !	41
6779081677	inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	42
6779081678	verbal irony	Sarcasm; what is said is the opposite of what is meant	43
6779081679	juxtaposition	placing an idea next to its opposite to emphasize contrast and comparison	44
6779081680	logos	An appeal to reason. Logos is one of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. It occurs when a writer tries to convince you of the logic of his argument. writers may use inductive argumentation or deductive argumentation, but they clearly have examples and generally rational tome to their language. The problem with logos is that is can appear reasonable until you dissect the argument and then find fallacies that defeat the viability of the argument on the reader's eyes. Of course, that presupposes that the readers is able to identify the fallacies.	45
6779081681	metaphor	A figurative comparison of two unlike things without using the word like or as	46
6779081682	metonymy	(mĕtŏn′ ĭmē) A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example, a news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared" is using metonymy; Shakespeare uses it to signify the male and female sexes in As You Like It: "doublet and hose ought to show itself courageous to petticoat." The substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional impact.	47
6779081683	mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader; using specific diction, description, setting, and characterization to create the atmosphere	48
6779081684	motif	A recurring theme, subject or idea	49
6779081685	narrative	a fiction, nonfiction, poetic, or dramatic story, actual or fictional, expressed orally or in text.	50
6779081686	non sequitur	A statement that does not follow logically from evidence	51
6779081687	occasion	the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written	52
6779081688	onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Ex: buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur.	53
6779081689	organization	In a composition, the arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence, or details in a perceptible order in a paragraph or essay.	54
6779081690	oxymoron	A figure of speech consisting of two apparently contradictory terms; The richest literary oxymora(paradoxes) seem to reveal a deeper truth through their contradictions. Ex: "without laws, we can have no freedom." Shakespeare's Julius Caesar also makes use of a famous oxymoron: "Cowards die many times before their deaths"	55
6779081691	pace	Speed with which the author delivers the story controlled by language, mood, emotion played out in speech, dialogue, descriptions.	56
6779081692	parable	A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson	57
6779081693	paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	58
6779081694	parallel structure	repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.	59
6779081695	parody	A humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing	60
6779081696	pathos	An appeal to emotion. This is one of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. Typically, pathos arguments may use loaded words to make you feel guilty, lonely, worried, insecure, or confused.	61
6779081697	persona	An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.	62
6779081698	personification	author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.	63
6779081699	point of view	Perspective from which a story is told; omniscient point of view= the person telling the story or narrator knows everything that's going on in the story; first- person point of view the narrator is a character in the story; limited third-person point of view the narrator is outside the story- like an omniscient narrator- but tells the story from the vantage point of one character."	64
6779081700	polemic	a controversial argument, esp. attacking a particular opinion	65
6779081701	propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	66
6779081702	prose	written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.	67
6779081703	purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	68
6779081704	refutation	The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view.	69
6779081705	repetition	Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis	70
6779081706	rhetoric	From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.	71
6779081707	rhetorical appeals	Rhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion).	72
6779081708	rhetorical question	A question whose answer is assumed; a rhetorical question is designed to force the reader to respond in a predetermined manner and to propel an argument emotionally.	73
6779081709	rhetorical triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience ex:Aristotelian triangle	74
6779081710	satire	A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals.	75
6779081711	simile	A comparison of two things using like or as	76
6779081712	symbolism	An ordinary object with an extraordinary significance	77
6779081713	synecdoche	A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it (as steel for sword).	78
6779081714	syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	79
6779081715	syntax	Language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences	80
6779081716	thesis	Focus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based.	81
6779081717	tone	A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.	82
6779081718	transition	A word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph	83
6779081719	voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	84