AP Language Vocabulary (edited) Flashcards

6818450776	Ad Hominem Argument	Latin for "to or against the person," this fallacy involves switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker	0
6818450777	Ad Populum (bandwagon appeal)	This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do."	1
6818450778	Allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning	2
6818450779	Allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something that is commonly known. _____________ can be historical, literary, religious, or mythical.	3
6818450780	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	4
6818450781	Analogy	A similarity or relationship between two things. An ____________ can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with something more familiar.	5
6818450782	antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun	6
6818450783	Antithesis	A figure of speech that involves an opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction.	7
6818450784	Appeal to False Authority	This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise on a subject is cited as an authority.	8
6818450785	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction.	9
6818450786	Archaic Diction	Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words	10
6818450787	Asyndenton	Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.	11
6818450788	Attitude	A writer's position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing.	12
6818450789	Caricature	A representation in which the subject's features are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect.	13
6818450790	Concession	An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.	14
6818450791	Connotations	Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition. __________________ are positive or negative.	15
6818450792	Context	The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.	16
6818450793	Counterargument	An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward	17
6818450794	Chiasmus	A figure of speech based on inverted parallelism. It is a rhetorical figure in which two clauses are related to each other through a reversal of terms.	18
6818450795	Antimetabole	Repetition of words in reverse order. _______________ is a type of chiasmus, but not all chiasmus are a type of antimetabole.	19
6818450796	Colloquialism	Slang or informality in speech or writing	20
6818450797	Claim	Also called an assertion or a proposition, a claim states the argument's main idea or position. A ____________ differs from a topic or subject in that a claim has to be arguable.	21
6818450798	Claim of Fact	asserts that something is true or not true. Ex. Test scores accurately measure a student's success!	22
6818450799	Claim of Value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong. Ex. Video games are corrupting today's youth.	23
6818450800	Claim of Policy	proposes a change. Ex. Legalize marijuana!	24
6818450801	Closed Thesis	a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews major points the writer intends to make. Ex. The three-dimensional characters, exciting plot, and complex themes of the Harry Potter series makes them legendary children's books.	25
6818450802	conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or a surprising analogy between two dissimilar objects.	26
6818450803	Concrete detail	Specific details, facts, or examples used to support the main idea of a text.	27
6818450804	denotation	The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word.	28
6818450805	diction	related to style, refers to the writer's word choices. Examples include, formal or informal, ornate or plain.	29
6818450806	didactic	have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially teaching moral or ethical principals	30
6818450807	ethos	A speaker's expertise, knowledge, experience, sincerity, and common purpose with the audience are examples of how a speaker demonstrates they are credible and trustworthy.	31
6818450808	euphemism	a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts	32
6818450809	extended metaphor	a metaphor developed at great length	33
6818450810	homily	This term literally means, "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	34
6818450811	hyperbole	a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement	35
6818450812	imagery	the sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions	36
6818450813	infer	to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. not directly stated.	37
6818450814	irony	the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true.	38
6818450815	juxtaposition	placing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas closely together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast.	39
6818450816	logical fallacy	A mistake in verbal reasoning. The reasoning must be potentially deceptive.	40
6818450817	metaphor	A figure of speech using implied comparison of unlike things.	41
6818450818	exposition	writing that intends to inform and demonstrate a point	42
6818450819	narration	writing that tells a story or relates a series of events	43
6818450820	description	writing that creates sensory images, often evoking a mood or atmosphere	44
6818450821	argumentation	writing that takes a stand on an issue and supports it with evidence and logical reasoning	45
6818450822	onomatopoeia	a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sound of words	46
6818450823	parallelism/parallel construction/parallel structure	the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs to give structural similarity	47
6818450824	parody	a work that closely imitates the style or content of another work with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule	48
6818450825	pathos	a speaker's intent to inspire an emotional reaction in an audience	49
6818450826	personification	a figure of speech in which the author endows an inanimate object with human qualities or characteristics	50
6818450827	first person point of view	The perspective from which a story is told. tells the story with the pronoun "I" and is a character in the story.	51
6818450828	third person limited omniscient point of view	Uses "he," "she," and "it." the narrator presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character	52
6818450829	prose	refers to fiction and nonfiction, is written in ordinary language and most closely resembles everyday speech.	53
6818450830	repetition	The duplication of any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, sentence, or grammatical pattern.	54
6818450831	rhetoric	Greek for "orator" describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively	55
6818450832	logos	employs logical reasoning, combining a clear idea with well-thought-out and appropriate examples and details	56
6818450833	rhetorical appeals	The persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audience's attention and response to a given work.	57
6818450834	oxymoron	a paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words	58
6818450835	persona	the face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience	59
6818450836	polemic	An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Ex. No concession to other arguments.	60
6818450837	polysyndeton	The deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.	61
6818450838	propaganda	The spread of ideas and information to further a cause	62
6818450839	Qualifier	words used to temper a claim, making it less absolute Ex. usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, most likely	63
6818450840	scheme	artful syntax; a deviation from the normal order of words	64
6818450841	second-hand evidence	evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation	65
6818450842	trope	artful diction; a figure of speech such as metaphor, simile, hyperbole, metonymy, or synecdoche	66
6818450843	metonymy	a figure of speech in which something is represented by another thing that is related to it or emblematic of it.	67
6818450844	synecdoche	figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole. Ex. "All hands on deck!"	68
6818450845	Zeugma	The use of a word to modify two or more words when it is appropriate to use only one of them or is appropriate to use each but in a different way. Ex. "To wage war and peace" or "On his fishing trip he caught three trout and a cold."	69
6818450846	rhetorical question	a question that is asked merely for effect and does not expect a reply	70
6818450847	satire	a work that targets human vices and follies, or societal institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule	71
6818450848	simile	an explicit comparison, using "like" or "as"	72
6818450849	style	An evaluation of a sum of choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices.	73
6818450850	syllogism	A deductive system of formal logic that presents to premises--the first one called major and the second minor--that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.	74
6818450851	symbol	An object, action, character, scene, or idea that represents something more abstract.	75
6818450852	syntax	the way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences	76
6818450853	theme	the central idea or message of a work. should be expressed in complete sentences by combining the topic with a verb. Ex. Forgiveness is earned through sacrifice.	77
6818450854	thesis	the sentence or group of sentences that directly express the author's opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition.	78
6818450855	tone	describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both.	79
6818450856	mood	The dominant impression or emotional atmosphere evoked by a text. Ex. Mood is how "you" feel after reading a text.	80
6818450857	transition	a word or phrase that links different ideas or effectively signals a shift from one idea to another.	81
6818450858	rhetorical strategies	A global term that refers to all the strategies an author can use. Ex. structure, purpose, style	82
6818450859	begging the question	A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It "begs" a question whether the support itself is sound.	83
6818450860	false dilemma	In this fallacy, the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices.	84
6818450861	First-hand evidence	Evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience or observations.	85
6818450862	Hasty generalization	A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate information. Ex. Smoking isn't bad for you; my aunt smoked a pack a day and lived to be 90.	86
6818450863	Hortative Sentence	Sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action. Ex. "Let both sides explore what problem unite us..."	87
6818450864	occasion	the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written	88
6818450865	open thesis	an _________ thesis is one that does not list all of the points the writer intends to cover in an essay. Ex. The popularity of the Harry Potter books demonstrates that both young and old readers value the fanciful world of wizardry.	89