AP world history midterm Flashcards

3194605556	Hunting and gathering societies	organize rather small groups into political units	0
3194605557	the paleolithic age refers to	the period in which simple stone tools were developed	1
3194605558	a characteristic of the human species before the advent of civilization	the ability to spread to various geographic settings and climate zones	2
3194605559	the development of agriculture cause important changes in all the following except	the tendency to believe in many gods	3
3194605560	The neolithic revolution occurred first in	the middle east	4
3194605561	why did the original inhabitants of australia not develop agriculture?	They were too isolated to learn of developments elsewhere until recently	5
3194605562	once developed, metal tools were preferred over stone tools for all the following reasons except	they were easier for ordinary people to make at home	6
3194605563	a society is almost certainly a civilization if	it practices sedentary agriculture	7
3194605564	the development of writing	helps explain why governments could become more formal and bureaucratic	8
3194605565	the earliest know writing in a civilization first developed in	the middle east	9
3194605566	one difference between classical civilizations and river valley civilizations was that in classical civilizations	political organization was more elaborate	10
3194605567	one difference between classical China and the earlier Huanghe river valley civilization was that	human sacrifices were suppressed	11
3194605568	"dynasty" in Chinese history was	a family that passed the imperial title from generation to generation	12
3194605569	The "Son of heaven" concept was designed to promote all of the following except:	priests' control over the state	13
3194605570	the Qin dynasty differed from the Zhou in that	it was more centralized	14
3194605571	all of the following constituted a function of government in Han China except	schools for peasant boys	15
3194605572	chinese views on nature emphasized	harmony and balance	16
3194605573	Which of the following is a confucian belief	a good society has a heirarchy in both family and state	17
3194605574	ceremony became an important part if upper-class chinese life beacuse	the chinese believed it would help unify society and prevent greed	18
3194605575	Daoists would agree with Confucianists on all the following except	the importance of political activity	19
3194605576	Whic of the following does not help to explain why India was more often invaded than China	hostility to warfare	20
3194605577	The aryan conquerers brought to india	distinctive religious ideas	21
3194605578	the mauryan dynasty differed from the gupta dynasty in that	it ruled larger territory	22
3194605579	India's political tradition	stressed teh importance of regional and local units	23
3194605580	The Indian caste system served to an extent as a politcal institution by	enforcing rules about social behavior	24
3194605581	Confucian and Hindu values	helped justify and preserve social inequality	25
3194605582	Hindu ethics involved	emphasis on an individual carrying out the obligations of life	26
3194605583	Hinduism urged that	all living creatures participated in divine essence	27
3194605584	Buddhism differed from hinduism by not believing	in the caste system	28
3194605585	"Nirvana" meants	full union with the divine essence	29
3194605586	If the greek genius was politics, then the roman genius was	engineering	30
3194605587	the two mediterranean powers fighting during the punic wars were	Carthage and Rome	31
3194605588	Compared to modern american ideas about democracy, athenian democracy was distinctive in	urging that all citizens participate directly in lawmaking and policymaking	32
3194605589	Greek politics resembled Indian politics in	the tendency of regional fragmentation	33
3194605590	from a confucian viewpoint, the roman empire might have been criticized for putting too much emphasis on	laws rather than trained officials	34
3194605591	republican romans and democratic athens would have agreed that all of the following were politically important except	division of powers within the state	35
3194605592	the senate of republican rome particularily represented	the landed aristocracy	36
3194605593	roman emperors tried to prevent population disorders by	organizing food supplies and distribution	37
3194605594	the roman empire	tolerated local political and religious diversity	38
3194605595	the socratic method emphasized the importance of	questioning	39
3194605596	the first kingdoms in eastern africa below the Sahara showed the influence of	Egypt and Hellenism	40
3194605597	nomadic invaders often had military advantages over armies of empires because	they were more skilled as horsemen	41
3194605598	by 600 c.e and early civilizations was beginning to take shape in	Central America	42
3194605599	Japan developed a religion called	Shintoism	43
3194605600	The end of the gupta empire differed from the decline of Rome in that it did not involve	the introduction of a new religion for the majority	44
3194605601	which of the following best survived the Hun Invasions of India?	Hindu beliefs	45
3194605602	One important early symptom of Rome's decline was	the drop in population due to a series of plagues	46
3194605603	the "lessons" of late Han china and the late Roman Empire are that the decline of civilization, whether temporary or permanent	is not simple the result of attack of outside invaders	47
3194605604	The eastern portion of the Roman Empire experienced less decline than the west for all of the following reasons except	the east resisted the spread of christianity	48
3194605605	after 200. c.e an increasing number of people in Asia, Europe, and North Africa began to adapt to faiths characterized by	monotheism	49
3194605606	Islam means	submission	50
3194605607	The arabic camel nomads were referred to as	Bedouin	51
3194605608	Which of the following cultures found in the Arabian peninsula was most significant in shaping the development of Islam?	Bedouin	52
3194605609	Which of the following regions was Not affected by Islam during its early history ( prior to 750 c.e)	South America	53
3194605610	Which of the following statements concerning bedouin society is NOT accurate	Clans were commonly congregated together in larger tribal groupings	54
3194605611	Leader of Bedouin clans were called	shaykhs	55
3194605612	Which of the following groups was Not a component of bedouin society	artisans	56
3194605613	Which of the following statements about interclan relationships is most accurate	inter-clan violence over control of water and pasturage was common	57
3194605614	What was the result of inter-clan rivalries	it tended to weaken the bedouin in comparison to neighboring people and empires	58
3194605615	what clan was responsible for the founding of Mecca?	Ummayyad	59
3194605616	Which of the following is NOT a reason for the decline of the abbasid dynasty by the ninth century A.D.?	the collapse of cities in the islamic heartland	60
3194605617	which of the following groups did not revolt against the abbasid rule?	slaves	61
3194605618	what was the result of the civil wars following the death of al-rashid	succession disputes led to the build up of personal armies, often of slave soldiers	62
3194605619	which of the following statements concerning the mercenaries armies of the later abbasid era is NOT accurate	despite their tendency toward random violence, the loyally defended the abbasid caliphs	63
3194605620	what accounts for the disruption of the agricultural economy of the abbasid empire	spiraling taxation, the destruction of the irrigation works and pillaging by mercenary armies led to destruction of and abandonment of many villages	64
3194605621	what changes occurred during the abbasid period with respect to women	the establishment of the harem	65
3194605622	between 800-1500 as the frequency and intensity of contact with the outside world increased, which of the following had the most significant impact on sub-saharan africa?	the arrival of Islam	66
3194605623	What was one major difference between african civilization and other post classical societies?	african civilizations were built somewhat less clearly on prior precedent than was the case in other post-classical societies	67
3194605624	which of the following statements concerning political and religious universality in africa is most accurate?	neither universal states nor religion characterize africa but both christianity and islam did find adherents	68
3194605625	african societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration o political power and authority were referred to as	stateless	69
3194605626	what was the function of secret societies in africa?	because their membership cut across lineage divisions, they acted to maintain stability within the community and diminish clan feuds	70
3194605627	which of the following statements best describes the indigenous religion of much of sub-saharan africa	animistic religion, belief in the power of natural forces personified deities	71
3194605628	which of the following statements concerning africa's economy is untrue	much of the region lacked a market economy and was based on self-sufficient agricultural units	72
3194605629	Which of the following was not a belief shared by practitioners of many indigenous african religions	a moral code based on a supreme god	73
3194605630	what region of africa was first converted to islam by 700 c.e	north africa	74
3194605631	the puritanical reform movements of the almovorads and almohadis arose among what groups of people in africa	the berbers, native desert dwellers of north africa	75
3194605632	which of the following is most correctly seen as a direct continuation of the roman empire?	Byzantine empire	76
3194605633	the byzantine empire lasted approzimately	500 - 1450	77
3194605634	which of the following territories was always part of the byzantine empire?	balkan peninsula	78
3194605635	the significance of the byzantine empire included all the following except	the empire's conquest of the ottoman empire and its inclusion of of all the middle east	79
3194605636	what was the most important "stepchild" of the byzantine empire?	russia	80
3194605637	which of the following does not represent a similarity between the spread of civilization in eastern and western europe?	northern kingdom dominated both areas	81
3194605638	which of the following represents a difference between the spread of civilization in eastern and western europe	they produced different versions of christianity, culturally as well and organizationally separate	82
3194605639	the capital of the byzantine empire and its commercial center was located at	constantinople	83
3194605640	the emperor responsible for a surge in construction in constantinople was	constantine	84
3194605641	what was the difference in the military organization of Byzantine and western roman empires?	the byzantine empire recruited armies from the middle east	85
3194605642	the post classical period in western history between the fall of roman empire and the 15th century is referred to as	middle ages	86
3194605643	which of the following statements concerning the impact of christianity on polytheistic religion in western europe is most accurate	the process of conversion produced a religious blend in which beliefs in magic and supernatural spirits coexisted with christianity	87
3194605644	following the fall of rome, where was the center of the post-classical west	the central plains in northern europe	88
3194605645	who were the scandinavian invaders who disrupted the development of durable political institutions in the medieval west until the 10th century	vikings	89
3194605646	which of the following statements concerning intellectual activity of the medieval west prior to the 8th century	with the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts	90
3194605647	the system that was described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers was called	manorialism	91
3194605648	agricultural laborers under the jurisdiction of the aristocratic landowners were called	serfs	92
3194605649	which of the following statements concerning the agricultural laborers of the medieval west is not true	they could be bought and sold by their landlors	93
3194605650	the moldboard was	a technological innovation, a plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil	94
3194605651	which of the following statements about the manorial system is not true	it was technologically unsophisticated	95
3194605652	during the post classical period, societies in the americas	remained entirely separate from those of the old west	96
3194605653	which of the following was not characteristic of american civilization during the post classical period	monotheistic practices	97
3194605654	the northern nomadic people who entered central mexico following the decline of teotihuacan were the	toltecs	98
3194605655	the toltec capital was established at	Tula	99
3194605656	what was the relationship between the toltecs and their predecessors in central mexico	the toltecs adopted many cultural features from their predecessors to which they added a strong military ethic and human sacrifice	100
3194605657	how did aztecs view the cultural achievements of the toltecs	as the givers of civilization	101
3194605658	the toltec empire lasted until	1150	102
3194605659	after the sack of tula, the center of population and political power in mexico shifted to	the valley of mexico and the shores of chain of lakes in that basin	103
3194605660	the people who succeeded the toltecs were the	aztecs	104
3194605661	around what year did the aztecs migrate to the central valley of mexico?	1325	105
3194605662	the period of political disorder and chaotic warfare that followed the Qin-han era is referred to as the	era of division	106
3194605663	what was the capital of the southern song dynasty	hangzhou	107
3194605664	which of the following statements concerning urbanization in china during the tang song era is most accurate	chinese urbanization mushroomed during the the tang-song era with higher proportion of population living in cities	108
3194605665	the dynasty that ended the period of political chaos after the fall of the qin-han was the	Sui	109
3194605666	the made possible the rapid revival of empire under the Tang?	the rebuilding of the bureaucracy using confucian ideology	110
3194605667	the man responsible for the creation of the sui dynasty was	Wendi	111
3194605668	which kingdom was conquered by Wendi in 589?	Chen	112
3194605669	what made the reunification of China under the first sui emperor possible?	the support of the nomadic warrior elite	113
3194605670	what was the primary reform enacted during the reign of the first sui emperor	the creation of graineries to relieve the threat of famine	114
3194605671	unlike his father, the second sui emperor favored	the confucian scholar gentry class	115
3194605672	what regions of Asia were most drawn to chinese cultural and political models	the agrarian societies in the east and south	116
3194605673	when did the chinese influence on japan peak	7th and 8th century b.c.e.	117
3194605674	what is the name of the nature spirits of japan?	Kami	118
3194605675	what religion played a key role in the transmission of chinese civilization to japan	Buddhism	119
3194605676	in which of the following japanese periods was chinese cultural influence most significant?	Taika	120
3194605677	what were the reforms enacted in 646 that intended to thoroughly incorporate chinese culture and political structure in japanese society	taika	121
3194605678	what was the central purpose of the reforms of 646 in japan	to remake the japanese monarch into an absolutist chines-style emperor	122
3194605679	what group so threatened the security of the japanese imperial family that they in the 8th century moved to heian?	buddhist monks	123
3194605680	what was the immediate impact of the imperial move to heian?	the aristocracy was restored to counterbalance the power of the buddhist monasteries and took over most of the positions in the central government	124
3194605681	what was the military organization of the heian government in japan	local members of the aristocracy were ordered to organize militia forces	125
3194605682	during what period did the nomads of central asia impact the other global civilizations of the eastern hemispheres?	1200 to 1400	126
3194605683	in most ways, the mongols epitomized what type of society and culture?	nomadic	127
3194605684	what was the basic unit of mongol society	the tribe	128
3194605685	which of the following statements concerning leadership in mongol society is most correct	leaders were elected by free males and held office for as long as they could keep it	129
3194605686	in the early 12th century, the qin kingdom of northern china was defeated by a mongol confederation under teh leadership of	kublai khan	130
3194605687	which of the following statements concerning chiggis khan's early life is most accurate?	following his father's death, he was abandoned by many followers and captured by a rival tribe	131
3194605688	chinggis khan was elected khagan (supreme ruler) of the mongol tribes in what year	1206	132
3194605689	the mongol military forces were	entirely calvary	133
3194605690	mongol armies were divided into units called	tumens	134
3194605691	which of the following weapons was NOT part of the arsenal of the mongol army under chingiss khan	chain mail	135
3194605692	which of the following was not a symptom of the decline in the arabic caliphate by 1400	the decline of the sufis	136
3194605693	by what date had the arabs been virtually excluded from european trade	1100	137
3194605694	which of the following statements concerning arab trade after 1100 is most accurate	although arabic trade was reduced, muslims remained active in world markets	138
3194605695	which of the following statements about the political fragmentation of the arabic world in the 1400s is the most accurate	after the fall of the abbasid caliphate, the emerging ottoman empire soon mastered most of the lands of the old caliphate plus the byzantine corner	139
3194605696	which of the following statements concerning the ottoman empire is most accurate	the expansionist power of the ottoman empire was very real but the focus was on conquest and administration overshadowed wider commercial ambitions	140
3194605697	what area represented a new conquest for the ottoman empire in the late 1400s?	southeastern europe	141
3194605698	which of the following statements concerning teh ottoman empire is most accurate	turkish rulers did not promote maritime trade as vigorously as the arabs	142
3194605699	which of the following civilizations first attempted to fill the commercial vacuum created by the decline in arabic trade	china	143
3194605700	what chinese dynasty succeeded the mongol yuan dynasty in china	Ming	144
3194605701	what was the innovation launched by the ming dynasty?	mounting huge state sponsored trading expeditions throughout asia and beyond	145