Government --AP WORLD HISTORY Flashcards

6650700284	Anarchy	A condition of lawlessness or political disorder brought about by the absence of governmental authority	0
6650700285	Commonwealth	A nation, state, or other political entity founded on law and united by a compact of the people for the common good	1
6650700286	Communism	A system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of a private ownership of property or capital while claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people (i.e. a classless society)	2
6650700287	Confederacy (confederation)	And union by compact or treaty between states, provinces, or territories, that creates a central government with limited powers; the constituent entities retain supreme authority over all matters except those delegated to the central government	3
6650700288	Constitutional democracy	A form of government in which the sovereign power of the people is spelled out in a governing constitution	4
6650700289	Constitutional monarchy	A system of government in which a monarch is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights duties and responsibilities are spelled out and written law or by custom	5
6650700290	Democracy	A form of government in which the supreme power is retained by the people, but which is usually exercised indirectly through a system of representation and delegated authority periodically renewed	6
6650700291	Democratic republic	A state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them	7
6650700292	Dictatorship	A form of government in which a ruler or small clique wield absolute power (not restricted by the constitution or laws). Also, a system in which the citizens do not possess the right to choose their own leaders	8
6650700293	Ecclesiastical	A government administered by a church	9
6650700294	Empire	A major political unit having territory of great extent or a number of territories or peoples under a single sovereign authority; especially: one having an emperor as chief of state	10
6650700295	Federal (federative)	A form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided - usually by means of the constitution - between a central authority and a number of constituent regions (states, colonies, or provinces) so that each region retains some management of its internal affairs; differs from a confederacy in that the central government exerts influence directly upon both individuals as well as upon the regional units	11
6650700296	Federal republic	A state in which the powers of the central government are restricted and in which the component parts (states, colonies or provinces) retain and degree of self government; ultimate sovereign power rests with the voters who chose their governmental representatives	12
6650700297	Maoism	The theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism developed in China by Mao Zedong, which states that a continuous revolution is necessary if the leaders of a communist state are to keep in touch with the people	13
6650700298	Marxism	The political, economic, and social principles espoused by 19th century economist Karl Marx; he viewed the struggle of workers as a progression of historical forces that would proceed from a class struggle of the proletariat (workers) exploited by capitalists (business owners), to the Socialist "dictator ship of the proletariat" to, finally, a classless society - communism	14
6650700299	Marxism-Leminism	An expanded form of communism developed by the Lenin from doctrines of Karl Marx; Lenin saw imperialism as the final stage of capitalism and shifted the focus of workers' struggle from developed to underdeveloped countries	15
6650700300	Monarchy	A government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch who reigns over a state or territory, usually for life and by hereditary right; the monarch may be either a soul absolute ruler or sovereign - such as a king, queen, or prince - with constitutionally limited authority	16
6650700301	Oligarchy	A government in which control is exercised by a small group of individuals whose authority generally is based on the wealth or power	17
6650700302	Parliamentary Democracy	A political system in which the legislature (parliament) selects the government - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor along with the cabinet ministers - according to party strength as expressed in elections; by this system, the government requires a dual responsibility: to the people as well as to the parliament	18
6650700303	Parliamentary government	A government in which members of an executive branch (the cabinet and it's leader - prime minister, current premiere, or chancellor) are nominated to their positions by a legislature or Parliament, and are directly responsible to it; this type of government can be dissolved that will by the parliament (legislature) by means of a no, confidence vote or the leader of the cabinet and they dissolve the parliament if it cannot longer function	19
6650700304	Parliamentary monarchy	A state headed by a monarch who is not actively involved in policy formation or implementation i.e., the exercise of sovereign powers by monarch in a ceremonial capacity); true governmental leadership is carried out by a cabinet and its head - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor - who are drawn from a legislature (parliament)	20
6650700305	Republic	A representative democracy in which the people's elected deputies (representatives), not the people themselves, vote on legislation	21
6650700306	State	Politically organized body of people usually occupying a definite territory especially: one that is sovereign	22
6650700307	Socialism	A government in which the means of planning, producing, and distributing goods is controlled by a central government that theoretically seeks a more just and equitable distribution of property and labor; in actuality, most socialist governments have ended up being no more than dictatorships over workers by ruling elite	23
6650700308	Sultanate	Similar to a monarchy, but a government in which the supreme power is in the hands of a sultan (the head of a Muslim state); the sultan may be an absolute ruler or a sovereign with constitutionality limited authority	24
6650700309	Theocracy	A form of government in which a Deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, but the Deity's laws are interpreted by ecclesiastical authorities (bishops, mullahs, etc).; a government subject to religious authority	25
6650700310	Totalitarian	A government that seeks to subordinate the individual to the state by controlling not only all political and economic matters, but also the attitudes, values, and beliefs of its population	26