Cells Flashcards

5762862730	Osmosis	Diffusion of water across a membrane through the lipid bilayer	0
5762862731	Hypertonic	Having greater concentration of solute inside than the solution outside. Cell shrinks.	1
5762862732	Hypotonic	Having a lower concentration of solute inside than the solution outside. Cell Expands.	2
5762862733	Isotonic	Having an equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell. Ideal (perfect) conditions. Cell remains normal.	3
5762862734	Vacuole	Storage vesicle for water, food, wastes other substances. 1 large vacuole in plants, many small vacuoles in animals.	4
5762862735	Nucleus	Controls all cell activities and protein production. Contains the DNA and nucleolus.	5
5762862736	Cytoplasm/Cytosol	Cell liquid in which chemical reactions occur. Holds and cushions the organelles.	6
5762862737	Mitochondria	Converts glucose into ATP (energy a cell can use) in the process of cellular respiration.	7
5762862738	Cell/Plasma/Lipid Membrane	A double-layered lipid membrane that surrounds the cell. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell.	8
5762862739	Cell Wall	Rigid external layer of a plant cell (cellulose), bacteria (glycoproteins), or fungi (chitin) that is outside the cell membrane.	9
5762862740	Chloroplast	Converts light energy into glucose in the process of photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll giving plants their green color.	10
5762862741	Endoplasmic Reticulum	Passageways where compounds are manufactured, processed, and transported.	11
5762862742	Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex	Collects, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids made by the E.R.	12
5762862743	Prokaryote	Unicellular. Lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Has ribosomes.	13
5762862744	Eukaryote	Unicellular or multicellular. Contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Has ribosomes.	14
5762862745	Diffusion	The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.	15
5762862746	Equilibrium / Homeostasis	A state of balance in which there is little or no total change.	16
5762862747	Lysosome	Contains digestive enzymes to breakdown food and wastes. Involved in apoptosis.	17
5762862748	Nucleolus	Synthesizes ribosomes. Found in the nucleus.	18
5762862749	Vesicle	Small package of nutrients, proteins, wastes, or water created by the golgi.	19
5762862808	Cell	The basic unit of all living things. The smallest unit of life.	20
5762862809	Organism	A complete living thing	21
5762862810	Ribosome	Synthesizes proteins. Mostly found on the rough E.R. but can also be in the cytoplasm.	22
5762862811	Tissue	A collection of similar cells that perform a specific job.	23
5762862812	Unicellular	Made of a single cell	24
5762862813	Light Microscope	Basic microscope that uses light and mirrors to magnify small objects.	25
5762862814	Specialization	Cells that do only one special job.	26
5762862815	Cell Division	Cell splitting into two new cells.	27
5762862816	Multi-cellular	Made of more than one cell.	28
5762862750	Nuclear membrane/envelope	Surrounds the nucleolus and DNA. Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.	29
5762862751	Apoptosis	Programmed cell death/suicide (by lysozomes) when a cell can't repaired, has died, or may cause problems like cancer.	30
5762862752	Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum	Synthesizes lipids for use in the cell membrane and other parts of the cell.	31
5762862753	Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum	Contains most of the cells ribosomes which synthesize proteins.	32
5762862754	Synthesize	To make	33
5762862755	Organelle	"Little organs" that make up the cell working together for the survival and function of the cell.	34
5762862756	Lack(s)	Missing, does not have.	35
5762862757	Unicellular	Made of 1 cell.	36
5762862758	Electron Microscope	Uses accelerated electrons to illuminate (light up) very small objects.	37
5762862759	Anton von Leeuwenhoek	Inventor of the first microscopes. 1600's.	38
5762862760	Robert Hooke	Gave cells their name (cells). 1600's.	39
5762862761	Robert Brown	Discovered the importance of the cell nucleus. 1800's.	40
5762862762	Matthias Schleiden	Botatnist (studied plants) who said all plants are made of cells.. Worked on cell theory with Dr. Schwann. 1800's.	41
5762862763	Theodore Schwann.	Physiologist (studied animal cells) who said all animals are made of cells. Worked on cell theory with Dr. Schleiden. 1800's.	42
5762862764	Cell Theory	1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms. 3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.	43
5762862765	Cilia	Small hairs on a cells surface that wave back and forth allowing the cell to move.	44
5762862766	Flagella	A whip-like structure on a cell that 'whips' back and forth allowing the cell to move (e.g. sperm cell).	45
5762862767	Pseudopod	"False foot". An extension of the cell to 'pull' the cell forward (move) or pull an object to the cell.	46
5762862768	Active Transport	Movement of particles from low to high concentration across the membrane that requires energy (ATP).	47
5762862769	Passive Transport	Movement of particles from high to low concentration across the membrane (no energy needed).	48
5762862770	Facilitated Diffusion	Passive transport through the membrane with the use of protein channels. Some channels are specific while others are not.	49
5762862771	Centriole	Helps align chromosomes during cell division (animal cells only).	50
5762862772	Microtubules/Microfilaments	Small, thin proteins that help support and give structure to a cell. A cells cytoskeleton.	51
5762862773	Cyto-	Prefix meaning cell.	52
5762862774	Phospholipid Membrane	Cell membrane composed of phospholipids, proteins (transport), cholesterol, and aquaporins..	53
5762862775	Pore	A small opening (hole) to allow materials to pass in and out of an area.	54
5762862776	Porous	Allows materials to pass through.	55
5762862777	Passive	No energy needed to allow material passage.	56
5762862778	Aquaporin	Protein channels in the cell membrane that allow for quick water passage.	57
5762862779	Regulate	Control.	58
5762862780	Hydrophilic	Attracted to water.	59
5762862781	Hydrophobic	Repelled by water.	60
5762862782	Modify	Change / Convert	61
5762862783	Plant Cell	1 large vacuole. Chloroplasts Cell wall (cellulose)	62
5762862784	Animal Cell	Many small vacuoles Cell membrane only Centrioles Lysosomes	63
5762862785	Phospholipid	Makes up the cell membrane. Composed of a phosphate 'head' (hydrophilic) and 2 fatty acid 'tails' (hydrophobic).	64
5762862786	Semi-permeable	Allows some materials (not all) to pass through.	65
5762862787	Selective permeability	The ability to decide which particles enter and leave a cell.	66
5762862788	External / Exo-	Outside (e.g. exoskeleton of an insect)	67
5762862789	Internal / Endo-	Inside (e.g. endoskeleton of humans)	68
5762862790	Macro-	Large	69
5762862791	Micro-	Small	70
5762862792	Cholesterol	Stiff sterol lipid in the cell membrane that provides strength and rigidity.	71
5762862793	Concentration	The amount of dissolved solute in a solvent. Usually expressed as a percent.	72
5762862794	Solution	Solute + solvent	73
5762862795	Solute	Particles dissolved in a liquid (solvent)	74
5762862796	Solvent	A liquid particles (solute) are dissolved in	75
5762862797	Permeability	How well a substance can pass through something.	76
5762862798	[cyto]Lysis	Cell bursting (exploding)	77
5762862799	Plasmolysis	Cell shrinking	78
5762862800	Endocytosis	Taking things in from the surrounding environment by creating a vesicle.	79
5762862801	Exocytosis	Getting rid of wastes into the surrounding environment by expelling a vesicle.	80
5762862802	Pinocytosis	Taking in water from the environment via endocytosis. Cell drinking.	81
5762862803	Phagocytosis	Taking in food from the environment via endocytosis. Cell eating.	82
5762862804	Osmotic solution	The solution outside a cell.	83
5762862805	Hyper-	Above, over, a lot	84
5762862806	Hypo-	Under, low, a few, a little	85
5762862807	Iso-	Even, equal	86