Complement System Flashcards

4839033447	both	is the complement system useful for the innate or acquired immune system?	0
4839036855	anti-inflammatory	is the complement system cascade more pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory?	1
4839037609	liver	where are the complement proteins synthesized?	2
4839038591	cleavage	what activates the complement proteins?	3
4839042539	2 different pieces 1. one binds to immune complex and becomes a functional part of it 2. the other floats away and becomes an inflammatory mediator	how many pieces is a complement protein broken into and what do those pieces do?	4
4839048030	1. Lysis via MAC 2. Opsonization 3. Activate inflammatory response 4. clearance of immune complexes	what are the 4 important functions of the complement system?	5
4839051876	1. Classical 2. Alternative 3. Lectin	what are the three different complement system pathways of activation?	6
4839052445	classical pathway	what pathway is dependent on an antibody being present?	7
4839053061	classical	which pathway is initiated by the formation of an Ag-Ab complex?	8
4839053889	alternative	which pathway is initiated by foreign cell surfaces?	9
4839054999	Lectin	which pathway is initiated by host proteins binding to microbial surfaces?	10
4839057490	IgM and some classes of IgG	which antibodies can initiate the classical pathway?	11
4839059591	C1	what proteins make up the recognition unit?	12
4839060394	C4, C2, C3	what proteins make up the activation unit?	13
4839061428	C5-C9	what proteins make up the Membrane Attack Complex or MAC?	14
4839063313	1. C1q 2. C1r 3. C1s	what subunits make up C1?	15
4839064214	collagen-like triple helix	what structure does C1 make?	16
4839073349	1. C1r 2. C1s 3. C1q	Label this structure	17
4839078682	C1q AND C1r	what activates C1s?	18
4839079494	6	how many C1q are present in a C1 molecule?	19
4839080878	4, 4	how many C1r/C1s are present in a C1 molecule?	20
4839083070	C4 and C2	first complement proteins cleaved by the recognition unit of the classical pathway	21
4839083624	C4b2a	what forms the activation unit of the classical pathway?	22
4839084522	C3	what is considered the heart of the complement system?	23
4839086257	Activation unit or C4b2a	what cleaves C3?	24
4839087249	true	t/f: C3a and, for the most part, all complement proteins with "a" are anaphylatoxins?	25
4839090647	C4b2a	what is C3 convertase?	26
4839091824	C4b2a3b	what is C5 convertase?	27
4839093347	C5b6789	what is the MAC?	28
4839097482	C3b	what part of the C5 convertase binds C5?	29
4839098174	C4b2a	what part of the C5 convertase cleaves C5?	30
4839099574	C5b	what complement protein initiates the formation of the membrane-attack complex?	31
4839101153	C9	what forms the ring structure of the MAC?	32
4839104089	1. C3 2. Factor B 3. Factor D 4. Properdin	what are the four components of the alternative pathway?	33
4839106252	nothing. it hydrolyzes spontaneously.	what hydrolyzes C3 to initiate the alternative pathway?	34
4839113031	stabilizes C3bBb in order to cleave C3 during the alternative pathway	what does properdin do?	35
4839113765	C3b of the alternative pathway	what protein does Factor B bind to?	36
4839114217	factor D	what cleaves Factor B?	37
4839116940	C3bBb	this is the alternative's version of C3 convertase	38
4839120201	it becomes C5 convertase which cleaves C5 which then generates C5b. C5b then initiates the formation of MAC	what happens when you add a C3b to C3bBb?	39
4839122211	Lectin pathway	this pathway is the best for taking care of a bacterial invasion	40
4839123382	Lectin is a protein that binds to carbohydrates	what is lectin and what does it bind to?	41
4839125477	mannose on bacterial cells	what does mannose-binding lectin bind to?	42
4839126345	acute-phase inflammatory reactions	what situation is MBL produced?	43
4839128296	alternative pathway	what pathway doesn't require a recognition unit?	44
4839129586	MASP-1 MASP-2 MASP-3	the 3 serine proteases that act like C1 (lectin pathway)	45
4839131111	MBL binding to target cell	what is required for the serine proteases to bind to the target cell?	46
4839132057	MAC	what do all 3 pathways end up producing?	47
4839149330	receptors on cells that are carrying immune complexes which will be read by macrophages so they only eat the immune complex and not the cell itself	what is CR1?	48
4839153254	prevents fusion of C4b AND C2a in the classical pathway prevents fusion of C3b AND Bb in the alternative pathway	what does DAF do?	49
4839153685	DAF	what is the most important complement regulator in the circulation?	50
4839156886	prevents C5b67 from inserting into the target cells membrane	what does the S protein complement regulator do?	51
4839160969	1. Amplifies humoral/acquired response 2. Destroys viruses/bacteria via MAC 3. Enhances inflammatory response via "a" 4. Opsonizes antigens 5. Neutralizes viruses 6. Clears immune complexes	What are the 6 biological effects of complement activation?	52
4839163108	C3a, C4a, and C5a	what are the 3 anaphylatoxins?	53
4839163651	C5a	what peptide serves as a chemotaxin?	54
4839165868	C4b, C3b, and iC3b	what peptides serve as opsonins?	55
4839167224	gram-positive bacteria	what bacteria can resist lysis?	56
4839168066	tumor cells. they can endocytose the MAC and repair the missing piece of membrane	what cells are not affected by MAC? why?	57
4839173308	no	can the complement system be activated in a localized area of the body?	58
4839174319	yes	is the complement system activated by tissue necrosis?	59
4839175794	paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria	what disease involves a lack of DAF?	60
4839177184	staph and strep infections	if these infections become recurrent the complement system may not have the ability to lyse the bacteria but does seem to control it	61
4839183553	paroxysmal	a severe attack or a sudden increase in intensity of a disease, usually recurring periodically	62
4839185978	1. Immunologic assays 2. Classical pathway assays 3. Alternative pathway assays 4. Complement fixation testing	4 lab tests to detect complement abnormalities	63
4839188395	immunologic assays	what form of testing does RID and nephelometry fall under?	64
4839189816	when 50% of cells are lysed	what does CH50 mean?	65
4839192564	detecting if an antibody is present which would imply an active infection	what is complement fixation testing really looking for to detect complement activation?	66
4839195286	Negative test, because the immune system was not already occupied with current infection	if the cells undergo lysis during complement fixation, what does that mean?	67