AP Language 2017, Vocabulary Review Flashcards

6763010328	adage	a proverb or wise saying commonly used (ex: Things are not always as they seem.)	0
6763010330	alliteration	Wicked witch of the west went her own way. Sally sells seashells by the seashore. Technique	1
6763010331	allusion	Reference to a commonly-known historical, cultural, religious, literary, or mythical person, place, event, or work of art, whereby the reader must make the connection within the current text. Ex: Douglass makes plentiful allusions to the bible in his narrative.	2
6763010332	ambiguity	multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, passage or sentence; can lead reader toward uncertainty of meaning	3
6763010333	analogy	Strategy: Establishing a relationship based on similarities between two concepts or ideas; helps convey meaning of a new idea. Ex: Sex is like baseball (a problematic analogy)	4
6763010334	anaphora	Technique: the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect; most commonly found in the Bible (O Lord,.for I am weak.O Lord, heal me. O Lord, have mercy on me.)	5
6763010335	anecdote	Technique/strategy: short and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point and make readers and listeners laugh; Anecdotes can include an extensive range of tales and stories	6
6763010336	antecedent	word, phrase, or clause that is replaced by a pronoun	7
6763010344	audience	those to whom a piece of literary work is being presented	8
6763010346	characterization	Actions, dialogue, and narrative description that reveal a sense of a character's personality to the reader. Remember STEAL (speech, thoughts, actions, looks)	9
6763010349	colloquial	Describes ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing	10
6763010350	concession	Strategy: An argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point.	11
6763010352	connotation	Associations people make with words that go beyond the literal or dictionary definition. A technique/strategy is using words with strong connotations.	12
6763010353	context	The parts before or after a word or statement that influence its meaning	13
6763010354	counter argument	an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument. Including a counter argument is a technique that helps writers build logical arguments.	14
6763010356	denotation	Dictionary definition of a word; literal meaning	15
6763010358	detail	The facts revealed by the author or speaker that support the claim. Can be a strategy.	16
6763010359	diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words. Technique.	17
6763010360	elegy	a mournful, melancholy, or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead.	18
6763010361	ellipsis	in a sentence, the omission of a word or words replaced by three periods ...	19
6763010364	euphemism	From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept - POLITICALLY CORRECT. Technique.	20
6763010367	genre	A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.	21
6763010369	hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. (The literal Greek meaning is "overshoot.") Hyperboles often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, hyperbole produces irony. Technique.	22
6763010370	imagery	use of words and phrases to create "mental images" for the reader; helps the reader visualize more realistically the author's writings through the usage of metaphors, allusions, descriptive words and similes. Technique	23
6763010374	juxtaposition	placing an idea next to its opposite to emphasize contrast and comparison. Technique	24
6763010377	metaphor	A figurative comparison of two unlike things without using the word like or as. Technique.	25
6763010379	mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader; using specific diction, description, setting, and characterization to create the atmosphere. Technique.	26
6763010380	motif	A recurring theme, subject or idea	27
6763010384	occasion	the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written	28
6763010387	oxymoron	A figure of speech consisting of two apparently contradictory terms; The richest literary oxymora(paradoxes) seem to reveal a deeper truth through their contradictions. Ex: "without laws, we can have no freedom." Shakespeare's Julius Caesar also makes use of a famous oxymoron: "Cowards die many times before their deaths" Technique.	29
6763010390	paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. Technique.	30
6763010391	parallelism	Repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. Technique.	31
6763010392	parody	Technique - A humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing	32
6763010397	personification	Technique/type of figurative langauge where author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.	33
6763010402	purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing. In rhetoric, the purposes are the persuade, to inform, and to entertain.	34
6763010403	refutation	The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view. Strategy/technique.	35
6763010404	repetition	Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis. Strategy/technique.	36
6763010405	rhetoric	From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.	37
6763010407	rhetorical question	A question whose answer is assumed; a rhetorical question is designed to force the reader to respond in a predetermined manner and to propel an argument emotionally. It's a rhetorical technique.	38
6763010410	simile	A comparison of two things using like or as. It's a technique.	39
6763010415	syntax	Language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences	40
6763010417	tone	A rhetorical strategy/technique in which the writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.	41
6763036299	clause	A grammatical unit that contains a noun and a verb	42
6763060641	independent clause	An independent clause (or main clause) is a clause that can stand by itself as a simple sentence. An independent clause contains a subject and a predicate and makes sense by itself. Ex: Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz.	43
6763100057	dependent/subordinate clause	A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word. Ex: "When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz . . . This is a dependent clause because it cannot stand on its own.	44
6763180531	Ethos	The artistic appeal which reveals a speaker to be (or appear to be) credible, reputable, trustworthy, ethical, authoritative, competent, reliable, and similar thereby thereby engendering respect for the speaker and her/his views. How to talk about it: Through the use of _____, the author builds her/his credibility/expertise. These includes: Credentials Background Publication Characterizing themselves as sincere, fair-minded, knowledgeable, and relatable Conceding to the opposition when appropriate Appropriate vocabulary Effective/correct grammar Professional format Expertise	45
6763194612	Pathos	Words/phrases/sentences that activate the audience's emotions in regard to the speaker's claim/argument. May include: emotionally loaded diction, vivid descriptions, emotional examples, anecdotes, testimonies, figurative language, humor, sarcasm, disappointment... How to talk about it: The author's description of _____ evokes _____ emotion and works as a persuasive appeal to pathos.	46
6763283908	Logos	Logical evidence to prove an argument; reasoning a speaker uses. Evokes a rational response in the audience. Theories, scientific facts, definitions, literal and historical analogies, factual ideas and statistics, quotations, citations from experts, informed opinions. How to talk about it: "The author appeals to logos by defining relevant terms and then supports the claim with numerous citations from authorities."	47
6763355982	Narrative	A rhetorical strategy/ method of development in which a story is told to enlighten readers or explain something to them	48
6763377617	Description	A rhetorical strategy/method of development that helps readers understand through evidence of their sentences - sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste	49
6763385309	Example	A rhetorical strategy/ method of development used in order to explain a subject with instances that show readers its nature or character	50
6763398694	Comparison and Contrast	A rhetorical strategy/ method of development used in order to explain or evaluate a subject by helping the audience see the similarities and differences between it and another subject	51
6763410088	Process Analysis	A rhetorical strategy/ method of development used to inform readers how to do something or how something works -- how a sequence of actions leads to a particular result.	52
6763432192	Analysis	A rhetorical strategy/ method of development used to explain a conclusion about your subject by showing readers the subject's parts of elements	53
6763446905	Classification	A rhetorical strategy/ method of development used to explain a conclusion about your subject by showing readers the subject's parts of elements	54
6763496471	Cause and Effect	A rhetorical strategy/ method of development used to tell the reasons for or consequences of your subject, explains "why?" or "what if?"	55
6763506645	Definition	A rhetorical strategy/ method of development used to show readers the meaning of a subject--its boundaries and distinctions from other subjects.	56
6763522846	PEEPS	An acronym that reminds you to consider the reasons and significance of an argument: Practical - is it practical? Ethical -is it ethical? Will ir result in a more just/unjust society? For whom? Economic-Will there be economic benefits or losses now or at a later date? Psychological/physical - Will it cause psychological or physical harm? Will it cause psychological or physical benefits? Sociological - Will it contribute to how people interact or relate to each other? How?	57
6763581748	Quantitative Data and Statistics	Both can be used as rhetorical techniques. Quantitative data is information about quantities; that is, information that can be measured and written down with numbers. Statistics reveal patterns based on quantitative data. Both often appeal to logos because they provide evidence.	58
6763658641	Command and Conquer	A strategy to use in rhetorical analysis that helps you focus on the task. 1. Command: Analyze the rhetorical strategies Kelley uses to convey her message about child labor to her audience. 2. Conquer: What is her message about child labor? To inform: Sympathetic men and women that it is a torturous tragedy that can and should be stopped. To Persuade sympathetic men and women to advocate for voting rights that will help enact more stringent laws for the sake of the children 3. Find six pieces of SHORT evidence that supports the conquer.	59
6763723583	Figurative Language	Any language that is not literal, including similes, metaphors, personifications, alliteration etc. It is a strategy/technique.	60
6763855133	Rhetorical Situation	A situation, including an exigence, a speaker, a text, an audience, and a setting/context in which rhetoric has the potential to persuade others.	61