AP Psych- Thinking & Language Flashcards
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| 6412985778 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | 0 | |
| 6412985779 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | 1 | |
| 6412988481 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin). | 2 | |
| 6412988504 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problems. contrasts with the usually speedier - but also more error-prone-use of heuristics | 3 | |
| 6412991159 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms | 4 | |
| 6412994639 | insight | a sudden realization of a problem's solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions | 5 | |
| 6412994640 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence | 6 | |
| 6412997222 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past | 7 | |
| 6412999617 | intuition | an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning | 8 | |
| 6413001654 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common | 9 | |
| 6413001655 | convergent thinking | narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution | 10 | |
| 6413005088 | divergent thinking | expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions | 11 | |
| 6413005089 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit | 12 | |
| 6413009204 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) | 13 | |
| 6413009205 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. In a given language, semantics is the set of rules for deriving meaning from sounds, and syntax is the set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences. | 14 | |
| 6413018358 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 15 |