Myers Exploring Psychology 9th Edition Chapter 4 Flashcards

3428091931	Developmental psych	A branch of psych that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span	0
3428091932	Zygote	The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo	1
3428091933	Embryo	The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization to the 2nd month	2
3428091934	Fetus	The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth	3
3428091935	Teratogens	(Literally, "monster maker") agents, such as toxins, chemicals, and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm	4
3428091936	Fetal alcohol syndrome	Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions	5
3428091937	Habituation	Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner	6
3428091938	Maturation	Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience	7
3428091939	Critical period	An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development	8
3428091940	Cognition	All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating	9
3428091941	Schema	A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information	10
3428091942	Assimilation	Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas	11
3428091943	Accommodation	Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information	12
3428091944	Sensorimotor stage	In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities	13
3428091945	Object permanence	The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived	14
3428091946	Preoperational stage	In Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2-6 or 7) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic	15
3428616718	Conservation	The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changed in the forms of objects	16
3428616719	Egocentrism	In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view	17
3428616720	Theory of mind	People's ideas about their own and others' mental states-about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors that might precede	18
3428616721	Concrete operational stage	In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6-11) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events	19
3428616722	Formal operational stage	In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally about 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts	20
3428616723	Autism	A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind	21
3431126788	Stranger anxiety	The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months	22
3431126789	Attachment	An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress upon separation	23
3431126790	Imprinting	The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life	24
3431126791	Temperament	A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity	25
3431126792	Basic trust	According to Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers	26
3465017466	Adolescence	The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence	27
3465017467	Puberty	The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing	28
3465017468	Identity	Our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles	29
3465017469	Social identity	The "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I" that comes from our group memberships	30
3465017470	Intimacy	In Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood	31
3465017471	Emerging adulthood	For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood	32
3465017472	Menopause	The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines	33
3465017473	Cross-sectional study	A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another	34
3465017474	Longitudinal study	Research in which the same people are testified and retested over a long period	35
3465017475	Social clock	The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement	36