Exploring Psychology (9th Edition) - Chapter 3 Vocab Flashcards

2780732305	consciousness	our awareness of ourselves and our environment.	0
2780732306	cognitive neuroscience	the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).	1
2780732307	dual processing	the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.	2
2780732308	blindsight	a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.	3
2780732309	selective attention	the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.	4
2780732310	inattentional blindness	failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.	5
2780732311	change blindness	failing to notice changes in the environment.	6
2780732312	circadian rhythm	the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.	7
2780732313	circadian rhythm	the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.	8
2780732314	REM sleep	rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.	9
2780732315	alpha waves	the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.	10
2780732316	sleep	periodic, natural loss of consciousness--as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. (Adapted from Dement, 1999.)	11
2780732317	hallucinations	false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.	12
2780732318	delta waves	the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.	13
2780732319	suprachiasmatic nucleus	a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that responds to light-sensitive retinal proteins; causes pineal gland to increase or decrease production of melatonin, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness.	14
2780732320	insomnia	recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.	15
2780732321	narcolepsy	a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.	16
2780732322	sleep apnea	a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.	17
2780732323	night terrors	a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.	18
2780732324	dream	a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.	19
2780732325	manifest content	according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).	20
2780732326	latent content	according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).	21
2780732327	REM rebound	the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).	22
2780732328	hypnosis	a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.	23
2780732329	posthypnotic suggestion	a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.	24
2780732330	dissociation	a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.	25
2780732331	psychoactive drug	a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.	26
2780732332	tolerance	with repeated use, achieving the desired effect requires larger doses.	27
2780732333	addiction	compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.	28
2780732334	withdrawal	the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.	29
2780732335	physical dependence	a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.	30
2780732336	psychological dependence	a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.	31
2780732337	depressants	drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.	32
2780732338	alcohol dependence	(popularly known as alcoholism). Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal if suspended, and a drive to continue use.	33
2780732339	barbiturates	drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.	34
2780732340	opiates	opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.	35
2780732341	stimulants	drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.	36
2780732342	amphetamines	drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.	37
2780732343	nicotine	a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.	38
2780732344	methamphetamine	a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.	39
2780732345	Ecstasy (MDMA)	a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.	40
2780732346	hallucinogen	psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.	41
2780732347	LSD	a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).	42
2780732348	near-death experience	an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.	43
2780732349	THC	the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.	44