Emergency Care -- 13th Edition -- Chapter 10 Flashcards
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| 3946201543 | Define hypoxia | a lack of oxygen in the body's tissues | 0 | |
| 3946203539 | Define hypercapnia | high levels of carbon dioxide | 1 | |
| 3946205386 | What is ventilation? | breathing in and out or artificial provision of breaths | 2 | |
| 3946208932 | Why is inhalation an active process? | it takes work to inhale -- the chest expands / diaphram contracts and moves down / size of the chest expands / negative pressure in created / air is pulled in | 3 | |
| 3946217573 | Why is exhalation a passive process? | it doesnt take as much work -- everything relaxes / positive pressure is created / air is pushed out | 4 | |
| 3962864817 | What is respiratory distress? | increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath | 5 | |
| 3962867839 | What is respiratory failure? | the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life | 6 | |
| 3962873056 | What is respiratory arrest? | when breathing completely stops | 7 | |
| 3962903016 | How does respiratory distress turn to failure? | When the body's compensatory methods to overcome hypoxia fail. Increased hypoxia, dangerous levels of carbon dioxide, and muscles begin to tire | 8 | |
| 3962972017 | What are 8 signs of inadequate breathing? | 1. absent, minimal, uneven chest movements 2. abdominal breathing 3. no air can be felt or heard 4. noise sounds -- wheezing, crowing, stridor, snoring, gurgling 5. rapid or slow breathing 6. cyanosis 7. prolonged inspirations / prolonged expirations 8. low oxygen reading <95% | 9 | |
| 3963025534 | What is minute volume? | the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs per minute | 10 | |
| 3963032824 | How do you find minute volume? | multiply tidal volume by the respiratory rate | 11 | |
| 3963037366 | What is tidal volume? | the amount of air moved in one breath | 12 | |
| 3963050607 | What is the normal tidal volume for an adult? | 6000 ml | 13 | |
| 3963054969 | How do you change pounds to kilograms? | divide weight in pounds by 2 | 14 | |
| 3963058089 | How do you find the tidal volume? | Multiply the weight in kilograms by 5 | 15 | |
| 3963133379 | When should oxygen not be used? | in cases of strokes or heart attack | 16 | |
| 3963148397 | What are the 5 types of oxygen cylinders? | D / E / M / G / H | 17 | |
| 3963153303 | How much oxygen does a D cylinder hold? | 350 liters | 18 | |
| 3963156058 | How much oxygen does a E cylinder hold? | 625 liters | 19 | |
| 3963163594 | How much oxygen does a M cylinder hold? | 3,000 liters | 20 | |
| 3963165926 | How much oxygen does a G cylinder hold? | 5,300 liters | 21 | |
| 3963168377 | How much oxygen does a H cylinder hold? | 6,900 liters | 22 | |
| 3963174865 | What two types of cylinders are fixed systems on ambulances? | G and H | 23 | |
| 3963186137 | What are the colors that identify oxygen cylinders? | --U.S. -- green --Europe -- white/green --also unpainted stainless steel and aluminum | 24 | |
| 3963223375 | What device is connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce pressure for safe use? | pressure regulator | 25 | |
| 3963233875 | What is connected to the pressure regulator that indicates the control of the flow of oxygen? | flowmeter | 26 | |
| 3963256381 | Which flowmeter can be used upright? | the pressure-compensated flowmeter | 27 | |
| 3963267386 | What is the safe residual for an oxygen cylinder? | when the pressure gauge reads 200psi or above | 28 | |
| 3963285612 | What is a humidifier? | a device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from the oxygen cylinder | 29 | |
| 3963326942 | What is the flow rate of oxygen in a nasal cannula? | 1-6 liters per minute | 30 | |
| 3963330253 | What is the flow rate of oxygen in a nonrebreather mask? | 12-15 liters per minute | 31 | |
| 3963363538 | What is mixed with oxygen in a venturi mask? | inhaled air | 32 | |
| 3963385063 | What situation would require a tracheostomy mask? | to place over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental oxygen | 33 | |
| 3963399712 | What is the EMTs best way to deliver high concentration of oxygen? | a nonrebreather mask (NRB) | 34 | |
| 3963431027 | When should a bag-valve mask (BVM) be used? | to ventilate a nonbreathing patient and to assist ventilations in the patient whose own respiratory attempts are not enough to support life. | 35 | |
| 3963450720 | What is the flow rate of BVM? | 15 liters per minute | 36 | |
| 3963460297 | When should a nasal cannula be used? | for patients who need a small amount of supplemental oxygen or cannot tolerate a mask | 37 | |
| 3963465452 | When should a non-rebreather be used? | for patients with signs of hypoxia and those short of breath, suffering severe injuries, or displaying altered mental status | 38 | |
| 3963489104 | What is the oxygen concentration for a nonrebreather? | 80-90% | 39 | |
| 3963492542 | What is the oxygen concentration for a nasal cannula? | 24-44% | 40 | |
| 3964543659 | What is another name for respiratory depression? | hypoventilation | 41 | |
| 3964549556 | What is respiratory depression? | when ventilation is inadequate to perform needed gas exchange. It causes an increased concentration of carbon dioxide | 42 | |
| 3964598026 | What signs / symptoms of hypoxia? | --cyanonsis --altered mental status | 43 | |
| 3964616758 | What is a pocket facemask? | a device designed to aid in artificial ventilation | 44 | |
| 3964669281 | How do you ventilate a patient with a stoma? | --suction the stoma --use a pediatric-size mask to establish a seal around the stoma --ventilate at the appropriate rate | 45 | |
| 3964702552 | What percentage of oxygen comes from a pocket mask? | 16% | 46 | |
| 3964789332 | Define diffusion | the movement of gases from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration | 47 | |
| 3964795488 | What is pulmonary respiration? | the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries | 48 | |
| 3964820466 | What is cellular respiration? | the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood | 49 | |
| 3964826735 | What is respiration? | the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood (external respiration) and between the blood and the cells (internal respiration) | 50 | |
| 3964835447 | What is internal respiration? | the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells | 51 | |
| 3964840849 | What is external respiration? | the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood | 52 | |
| 3964889707 | What are chemoreceptors? | chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide | 53 | |
| 3964899048 | What two gasses do chemoreceptors measure? | oxygen and carbon dioxide | 54 | |
| 3964933342 | What device -- patient has adequate breathing or increasing respiratory distress | non-rebreather / nasal cannula | 55 | |
| 3964945554 | What device -- patient has severe respiratory distress and continues to deteriorate | pocket face mask (PFM) / bag-valve mask (BVM) | 56 | |
| 3964966303 | What is positive pressure ventilation? | forcing air or oxygen into the lungs | 57 | |
| 3964995524 | What are the parts of the BVM? | 1. oxygen (15 liters/minute) 2. bag (reservoir) 3. mask | 58 | |
| 3965032002 | How much oxygen does the atmosphere provide? | 21% | 59 | |
| 3965053448 | In what ways can excessive ventilation harm a patient? | 1. can cause a drop in blood pressure 2. gastric distention -- fills the stomach with air 3. hyperventilation -- can cause too much CO2 to be blown off | 60 | |
| 3965089507 | What is gastric distention? | the filling of the stomach with air | 61 | |
| 3965093791 | How does gastric distention occur? | when air is pushed through the esophagus during positive pressure ventiliation | 62 | |
| 3965108289 | How can gastric distention be minimized? | by using airway adjuncts when ventilating / also establishing proper head position and airway opening techniques | 63 | |
| 3965137133 | In a non-rebreather mask, what needs to happen before the make is placed on the patient's face? | the reservoir bag must be inflated | 64 | |
| 3965151180 | What are the two devices most commonly used by the EMT to provide supplemental oxygen? | nonrebreather mask / nasal cannula | 65 | |
| 3965206736 | What is the percentage of oxygen from a pocket mask when attached to high-concentration oxygen? | 50% | 66 | |
| 3965246472 | What is the oxygen concentration of a venturi mask? | 24-60% | 67 | |
| 3965253162 | What is the oxygen concentration from a partial rebreather mask? | 40-60% | 68 | |
| 3975108606 | What device is usually not used in EMS? | partial rebreather mask | 69 | |
| 3975110283 | What is the purpose of the rebreather mask? | to keep a patient's CO2 levels up | 70 | |
| 3975125952 | What device is used most commonly on patients with COPD? | venturi mask | 71 |