Emergency Care -- 13th edition -- Chapter 12 Flashcards

3904703873	What is primary assessment?	the first element in a patient assessment in which you focus exclusively on life threats.	0
3904707763	What are the 6 parts of the primary assessment?	1. form a general impression 2. assess the patient's mental status 3. assess the patient's airway 4. assess the patient's breathing 5. assess the patient's circulation 6. determine the patient's priority	1
3904717444	What is the purpose of the primary assessment?	to focus on potential life threats to your patient	2
3904725709	What is an intervention?	actions taken to correct or manage a patient's problems	3
3904728345	What is the general impression?	an impression of the patient's condition that is formed on the first approaching the patient based on the patient's environment, chief complaint, and appearance.	4
3904731709	On what three things do EMT's gain their general impression of a patient?	1. patient's environment 2. chief complaint 3. patient's appearance	5
3904734502	Define chief complaint	the reason EMS was called	6
3904743920	Define mental status	the patient's level of responsiveness	7
3904745437	What is the memory aid for classifying a patient's mental status?	AVPU	8
3904745961	What are the 4 levels of AVPU?	1. alert 2. verbal response 3. painful response 4. unresponsive	9
3904747351	Describe the "A" in AVPU.	alert -- patient is awake and will talk and answer questions	10
3904753403	Describe the "V" in AVPU.	verbal response -- patient will respond to talking or shouting	11
3904755129	Descrive the "P" in AVPU.	painful response -- patient will respond to a painful stimuli such as pinching a toe or squeezing the shoulder	12
3904756747	Describve the "U" in AVPU.	unresponsive -- patient will not respond with shouting or a painful stimulus	13
3904761967	ABC's stands for what?	airway, breathing, and circulation	14
3904766219	What two ways to open a patient's airway?	jaw-thrust / head-tilt, chin-lift	15
3904777780	If suspected c-spine injury or an unresponsive patient, what technique should NEVER be used open a patient's airway?	head-tilt, chin-lift	16
3904784739	Define clinical judgement	judgement based on experience in observing and treating patients	17
3904788825	How should a patient be treated if their level of responsiveness is lower than alert?	high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask and consided the patient a high priority	18
3904797214	Define interventions	actions taken to correct or manage a patient's problems	19
3904830884	What three things do EMT's do to form a general impression?	look, listen, and smell	20
3904840320	What is suggested if the patient has pale and clammy skin?	shock	21
3904851241	What is one way to quickly assess a patients circulation?	capillary refill	22
3904854809	About how long should a nail bed return to normal (pinkish) once released from pressure?	no more than 2 seconds	23
3904856460	What are some ways in which checking capillary refill is unreliable?	--age of the patient -- elderly take longer --cold weather (especially if the fingers are cold)	24
3904862062	How do you check the responsiveness in a child?	flicking the feet	25
3904883815	What does the tripod position usually indicate in a patient?	significant difficulty in breathing	26
3904886179	What does the Levine's sign usually indicate in a patient?	significant chest pain or discomfort	27
3904888643	What is the Levine's sign?	a fist clinched over the chest	28
3904889416	What is the tripod position?	a patient sitting upright, leaning forward, and supporting themselves with arms locked in front of them	29
3904892521	What type of distress does the tripod position show?	respiratory	30
3904893664	What type of distress does the Levine sign show?	cardiac	31
3904899581	EMT's perform the ABC's in that order for patients unless they are suffering from what issue?	cardiac arrest	32
3904903564	Instead of ABC's, which order should be performed on a patient suffering from cardiac arrest?	CAB	33
3904906096	When should an EMT perform manual C-spine stabilization?	As soon a c-spine injury is suspected or if the patient is unconcious	34
3904908844	What is considered an EMT's "sixth sense?"	clinical judgement	35
3904916938	What type of approach is the primary assessment?	systematic	36
3904929467	heart rate -- infant?	140-160	37
3904930173	respiratory rate -- infant?	40-60 / 30-40	38
3904931038	systolic -- infant?	70-90	39
3904932448	heart rate -- toddler?	80-130	40
3904933129	respiratory rate -- toddler?	20-30	41
3904934380	systolic -- toddler?	70-100	42
3904935693	heart rate -- preschool	80-120	43
3904936304	respiratory rate -- preschool	20-30	44
3904936305	systolic -- preschool	80-110	45
3904942151	heart rate -- school age	70-110	46
3904943574	respiratory rate -- school age	20-30	47
3904943575	systolic -- school age	80-120	48
3904944403	heart rate -- adolescence	55-105	49
3904945192	respiratory rate -- adolescence	12-20	50
3904945810	systolic -- adolescence	80-120	51
3904946713	heart rate -- early adult	70	52
3904947651	respiratory rate -- early adult	12-20	53
3904948015	systolic -- early adult	120	54
3904705500	What do you do for a child having difficulty breathing?	place a towel under his shoulder blades	55
3906189020	What do you assume for an unresponsive patient with unknown MOI/NOI?	spinal injury	56
3906215785	What is a rapid pulse?	tachycardia -- above 100 beats/minute	57
3906218813	What is the normal pulse for an adult at rest?	60-10	58
3906218814	What is a slow pulse?	bradycardia -- below 60 beats/minute	59
3906224993	What does a thready pulse mean?	weak	60
3906231180	Which is more of a concern in a child/infant -- high pulse or low pulse?	low pulse -- may indicate imminent cardiac arrest	61
3906237604	Define arterial spray	bright red spurting blood	62
3906240700	What must be done if you hear gurgling sounds?	suction the airway	63
3906245696	Rapid, regular, full pulse	exertion, fright, fever, high blood pressure	64
3906248863	rapid, regular, thready pulse	shock, later stages of blood loss	65
3906249985	slow pulse	head injury, drugs, poison, heart problems	66
3906252244	no pulse	cardiac arrest	67
3906262455	What is the first thing to do in patient assessment?	verbalize BSI / scene safe	68
3906266531	What is the order of the patient assessment?	1. BSI 2. Scene size-up 3. primary assessment 4. history taking 5. secondary assessment 6. vital signs 7. reassessment	69
3906272240	What are the components of scene size-up?	1. determine if scene is safe 2. MOI / NOI 3. number of patients 4. additional EMS assistance if necessary 5. stabilize c-spine	70
3906284264	What are the components of the primary assessment?	1. general impression 2. responsiveness (AVPU) 3. chief complaint 4. Airway 5. breathing 6. circulation 7. patient priority	71
3906294071	What are the components of the Secondary Assessment?	1. head 2. neck 3. chest 4. abdomen 5. abdomen/pelvis 6. lower extremities 7. upper extremities 8. posterior (back)	72
3906302940	What are the components of the vital signs?	1. take baseline vitals 2. manage secondary wounds	73
3906308733	What is the component of reassessment?	demonstrate how and when to reassess the patient	74
3906360599	How often should you open the airway on a patient?	ALWAYS	75
3906398833	What are the 4 components of circulation in patient assessment?	1. checks pulse 2. assess skin (condition, color, temp) 3. assess for and control major bleeding 4. initiate shock management	76