Emergency Care -- 13th Edition -- Chapter 17 Flashcards

4004876838	What is the muscular structure that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity?	diaphragm	0
4005251550	What type of process is inspiration?	active	1
4005251902	What type of process is expiration?	passive	2
4005259323	What is another name for inspiration?	inhalation	3
4005260332	What is another name for expiration?	exhalation	4
4005262791	What 3 things do you observe to determine normal breathing?	1. rate 2. rhythm 3. quality	5
4104722451	What is inspiration?	the active process that uses several muscles to increase the size of the chest cavity -- the diaphram to contract and the negative pressure causes air to flow into the lungs.	6
4104731386	What is is expiration?	the passive process in which the muscles relax and the diaphram relaxes creating a positive pressure that forces air out of the lungs	7
4104768683	What are the normal respiratory rates for an adult?	12-20 minute	8
4104770412	What are the normal respiratory rates for a child?	15-30 minute	9
4104771939	What are the normal respiratory rates for an infant?	25-50 minute	10
4104797308	What is the artificial ventilation rate for an adult?	12 minute	11
4104799448	What is the artificial ventilation rate for an infant or child?	20 minute	12
4104805497	What is inadequate breathing?	breathing that is not sufficient to support life	13
4105113950	How does a pediatric airway differ from an adult?	airway structures are smaller in an infant	14
4105698767	What are four signs of inadequate breathing in infants and children?	1. nasal flaring 2. grunting 3. seesaw breathing 4. retractions between ribs, above the clavicles, and above the sternum	15
4105789942	Define wheezes	high-pitched sounds created by air moving through narrowed air passages in the lungs -- on expiration	16
4105794638	With what diseases is wheezing common?	asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis	17
4105801161	Define crackles	fine cracking or bubbling sound caused by fluid in the alveoli - on inspiration	18
4105809497	Define rhonchi	lower-pitched sounds resembling snoring or rattling -- caused by secretions in the larger airways	19
4105821378	With what diseases is rhonchi common?	pneumonia or bronchitis	20
4105824481	Define stridor	high-pitched sound in the upper-airway indicating partial obstruction of the trachea or larynx -- on inspiration	21
4105879100	What is croup?	is respiratory infection in infants and children that results in the swelling of the airway passages.	22
4105928483	What causes the majority of COPD cases?	cigarette smoking	23
4106073759	What is the benefit of a nebulizer?	provides a continuous flow of medication that can be taken at a small volume for a longer amount of time	24
4106177181	What is CPAP?	(continuous positive airway pressure) -- a form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation -- a means of continuously blowing oxygen or air into the airway to prevent airway collapse or to help alleviate difficulty breathing	25
4106220239	What is a contraindicator to CPAP?	cystic fibrosis	26
4106224302	Why is cystic fibrosis a contraindicator to CPAP?	the lungs are weak enough and the CPAP puts to much pressure on the lungs	27
4106240483	What are several causes of COPD?	--cigarette smoking --chemicals --air pollutants --repeated infections	28
4106310941	What are the five rights?	1. right patient 2. right time 3. right medication 4. right dose 5. right route	29
4106323433	For what medication do you ask medical control?	for any medication other than oxygen	30
4106345452	What types of respiratory characteristics will occur before respiratory arrest?	very slow and shallow respirations	31
4106494871	What is kussmauls?	rapid up and down breathing, deep, and labored	32
4106509817	What is cheyne-stokes?	deep and fast breathing followed by a period of apnea (temporary stop in breathing)	33
4106566589	How does the infant/child tongue differ from an adult?	proportionally larger so that take up more space in the mouth	34
4106572044	How does the infant/child trachea differ from an adult?	it is smaller, softer, and more flexible in infants and children. Easier to lead to obstruction from swelling or trauma. The cricoid cartilage is less developed and less rigid.	35
4106582121	How does the infant/child diaphragm differ from an adult?	depend more heavily on the diaphragm for respiration since the chest wall is softer.	36
4106602846	When you artificially ventilate a pediatric, what is to be expected?	an increase in heartrate	37
4106610748	What breathing device would be used in a patient with an altered mental status and a decrease in respiratory rate?	BVM	38
4106627664	What is the maximum number of artificial ventilations for a child?	20 per minute	39
4106650727	What are the 2 best ways to determine is a patient is getting adequate breathing using a BVM?	--you should see the chest rise and fall --the pulse should return to normal	40
4106666345	What will a patient get if they are having difficulty breathing?	oxygen	41
4106697249	In asthma, does the patient have trouble breathing in or out?	out	42
4106701994	What is rails?	a wet respiratory sound	43
4106716252	What are the 5 steps to assisting with a prescribe inhaler?	1. make sure patient has the indications for use of an inhaler / prescription for the inhaler 2. contact medical direction for permission 3. ensure the 5 rights 4. check the expiration date / shave the inhaler / make sure patient is alert / coach the patient to take the inhaler properly 5. after use -- reassess the patient taking vitals	44
4106760618	What are the three inhalers that prevent an asthma attack?	1. proventil 2. ventolin 3. albuterol	45
4106765293	What are the 3 side effects of an inhaler?	1. increase pulse rate 2. tremors 3. nervousness	46
4106805659	What is the role of an EMT in helping with an inhaler?	it will involve more coaching than administering the medication	47
4106834353	How long can patients survive with cystic fibrosis?	to adulthood -- the median age today is 41	48
4106891327	What is the primary effort in helping with an inhaler?	dilates bronchioles -- reducing airway resistance	49
4106899023	What is aspiration?	--the accidental sucking of food particles or fluid into the lungs --the removal or suction of fluid and cells through a needle	50