Emergency Care -- 13th Edition -- Chapter 19 Flashcards
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| 4118134221 | Define RAS. | series of circuits in the brain that control staying awake, paying attention, and sleeping. | 0 | |
| 4118136295 | What does RAS stand for? | reticular activating system | 1 | |
| 4118139647 | What is needed to perfuse brain tissue? | oxygen | 2 | |
| 4118143794 | What is needed to keep the brain hydrated? | water | 3 | |
| 4118152493 | What occurs with a lack of oxygen and water to the brain? | altered mental status | 4 | |
| 4118155625 | What is the most common causes of altered mental status? | hypoxia (low oxygen) | 5 | |
| 4118160698 | What should an EMT always consider in a patient with altered mental status? | airway and/or breathing problem | 6 | |
| 4118165557 | What decreases as the patient's mental status decreases? | the ability to control and keep open his airway | 7 | |
| 4118170952 | What is used to determine the mental status for a patient? | AVPU | 8 | |
| 4118172599 | What does AVPU stand for? What does each letter mean? | A - alert - patient resonds with words V - verbal - patient responds by opening his eyes to the sound of your voice P - painful - patient opens his eyes upon a painful stimuli (such as a pinch) U - unresponsive - patient does not respond at all | 9 | |
| 4118189987 | What two things are key elements in human physiology? | glucose and insulin | 10 | |
| 4118191884 | What is the body's basic source of energy? | glucose | 11 | |
| 4118194178 | What is the purpose of glucose? | for the cells of the body to remain alive and create energy | 12 | |
| 4118201196 | What body organ produces insulin? | pancreas | 13 | |
| 4118205645 | Why is insulin needed? | the glucose molecule is large and will not pass into most of the cells without the assistance of insulin | 14 | |
| 4118226397 | What are three ways in which a patient can be diabetic? | 1. don't produce insulin 2. don't produce enough insulin 3. have a body that is resistant to the produce insulin | 15 | |
| 4118234356 | Define insulin | a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics | 16 | |
| 4118238715 | What are the names of the two types of diabetes? | Type 1 / Type 2 | 17 | |
| 4118244969 | What is Type 1 diabetes? | patient does not produce enough insulin | 18 | |
| 4118253590 | What is Type 2 diabetes? | patient produces enough insulin but the body fails to use it properly | 19 | |
| 4118298216 | How is Type 1 diabetes controlled? | with prescribed synthetic insulin | 20 | |
| 4118299562 | How is Type 2 diabetes controlled? | with diet and/or oral antidiabetic medications | 21 | |
| 4118318134 | What is the best way to determine mental status in pediatrics? | ask parents or caregivers if patient is acting differently than normal | 22 | |
| 4118322873 | What is the most common medical emergency for the diabetic? | hypoglycemia | 23 | |
| 4118325883 | What is hypoglycemia? | low blood sugar | 24 | |
| 4118330520 | What are 5 ways in which hypoglycemia is caused? | 1. takes too much insulin 2. not eating 3. overexercises or overexerts himself 4. vomits a meal 5. has fevers or shivering | 25 | |
| 4118356252 | What is hyperglycemia? | high blood sugar | 26 | |
| 4118655813 | What is the onset of hypoglycemia? | very rapid | 27 | |
| 4118682317 | What is the onset of hyperglycemia? | days or weeks | 28 | |
| 4118815142 | Hyper or Hypo -- which one often emits a fruity, acetone odor? | hyperglycemia | 29 | |
| 4118863409 | Diabetic Children or Diabetic Adults -- which one is at more risk for medical emergencies? | children | 30 | |
| 4118866658 | Why are children at more risk for diabetic medical emergencies? | more active and may exhaust blood sugar levels by playing hard / less disciplined about eating correctly and on time | 31 | |
| 4118883261 | What is diabetic ketoacidosis? | condition that occurs in hyperglycemia -- characterized by dehydration, altered mental status, and shock | 32 | |
| 4118899045 | What is the normal range for glucose level? | 60-120 | 33 | |
| 4118907595 | At what glucose level will a patient begin to develop a significant alteration in mental status? | below 50 / above 140 | 34 | |
| 4118914829 | On a glucometer, what number is associated with the word "HIGH?" | 500+ | 35 | |
| 4118916573 | On a glucometer, what number is associated with the word "LOW?" | 15- | 36 | |
| 4118928259 | How can you occasionally treat a patient with mild hypoglycemia and minor altered mental status? | giving them something to eat | 37 | |
| 4118932342 | What is the dosage of oral glucose? | one tube | 38 | |
| 4119014155 | What is one of the most dangerous causes of altered mental status? | Sepsis | 39 | |
| 4119016889 | What is sepsis? | a severe system wide infection | 40 |