Emergency Care 13th Ed. Chapter 31 - Environmental Emergencies Flashcards

3367470439	________ is the transfer of heat from one material to another through direct contact	Conduction	0
3367470440	_____ _____ is chilling caused by conduction of heat from the body when the body or clothing is wet	Water chill	1
3367470441	Water conducts heat away from the body ___ times faster than still air	25	2
3367470442	_______ is carrying away of heat by currents of air, water, or other gases or liquids	Convection	3
3367470443	_____ _____ is chilling caused by convection of heat from the body in the presence of air currents	Wind chill	4
3367470444	________ is sending out energy, such as heat, in waves into space	Radiation	5
3367470445	_________ is the change from liquid to gas. When the body perspires or gets wet, evaporation of the perspiration or other liquid into the air has a cooling effect on the body	Evaporation	6
3367470446	_________ is breathing. During breathing, body heat is lost as warm air is exhaled from the body	Respiration	7
3367470447	________ is generalized cooling that reduces body temperature below normal, which is a life-threatening condition in its extreme	Hypothermia	8
3367470448	Between ___-___ degrees, expect shivering to occur	96-99	9
3367470449	Between ___-___ degrees, expect intense shivering and difficulty speaking	91-95	10
3367470450	Between ___-___ degrees, expect shivering to decrease and be replaced by muscular rigidity	90-86	11
3367470451	Between ___-___ degrees, expect the patient to become irrational, lose contact with the environment, and drift into a stuporous state	81- 85	12
3367470452	Between ___-___ degrees, expect the patient to lose consciousness and not respond to verbal stimuli	78-80	13
3367470453	Patients in _______, with ______, head and spinal cord injuries, infection, diabetes, and under the influence of ______ or ______ are more at risk of hypothermia	Shock, burns, drugs or alcohol	14
3367470454	The greatest area of heat loss in the body is the ______	Head	15
3367470455	A pulse should be checked in hypothermic patients for at least ___-___ secs	30-45 secs	16
3367470456	________ rewarming allows the body to rewarm itself	Passive	17
3367470457	________ rewarming is the application of an external heat source to rewarm the body of a hypothermic patient	Active	18
3367470458	________ rewarming is the application of heat to the lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin of a hypothermic patient	Central	19
3367470459	Rough handling of a hypothermic patient can result in _______ _______	Ventricular fibrillation	20
3367470460	In cases of extreme hypothermia, you will find the patient unconscious with no discernible vital signs. The H/R can slow to less than ___ beats/min, and the patient will feel cold to the touch. Patient could still be alive	10	21
3367470462	______ ______ is cooling or freezing of particular parts of the body.	Local cooling	22
3367470463	The most severe cases of local cooling result in _______ (localized tissue death), resulting in a dead white color of skin	Gangrene	23
3367470464	Before warming a frozen body part, ensure to remove ______	Jewelry	24
3367470465	______ is a good indicator of successful rewarming	Pain	25
3367470466	________ is an increase in body temperature above normal, which is a life-threatening condition	Hyperthermia	26
3367470467	When humidity is high, the evaporation of perspiration ______	Slows	27
3367470468	Prolonged exposure to excessive heat can create an emergency in which the patient presents with ____, ____ skin that may feel normal or cool to the touch, a condition known as heat _______	moist, pale skin. Exhaustion	28
3367470469	When the body loses salts and brings on painful muscle cramps, the condition is called ____ _______	heat cramps	29
3367470470	The first step in emergency care for patients with heat conditions is to _______ them from the hot environment	Remove	30
3367470471	When a heat emergency patient presents with hot skin, whether dry or moist, it is known as ___ ______. Starts when the patient stops sweating	Heat Stroke	31
3367470472	_________ is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid. Outcomes are classified as death, morbidity, and no morbidity	Drowning	32
3367470473	_______ means the patient experiences illness or other adverse effects, such as unconsciousness or pnemonia	Morbidity	33
3367470474	Some patients who drown in cold water can be resuscitated after ___ mins or more in cardiac arrest	30 mins	34
3367470475	_______ _______ is a condition resulting from nitrogen trapped in the body's tissues, caused by coming up too quickly from a deep, prolonged dive. A symptom is "the bends" or deep pain in the muscles and joints	Decompression sickness	35
3367470476	____ percent of decompression sickness cases occur within 3 hours of the dive	90	36
3367470477	The risk of decompression sickness is increased if divers fly within ___ hours of a dive	12	37
3367470478	The order of water rescue is: ______, ______ and tow, _____, and ____	Reach, throw and tow, row, and go	38
3367470479	_______ are substances produced by animals or plants that are poisonous to humans	Toxins	39
3367470480	_______ is a toxin produced by certain animals such as snakes, spiders, and some marine life	Venom	40
3367470481	_____ ______ spider bites are painless, and patients seldom recall being bitten. Bite results in severe localized tissue damage	Brown recluse	41
3367470482	_____ _____ and _____ snakes are the poisonous snakes in the U.S.	Pit vipers and coral	42
3367470483	A p______ i_______ b_______ may be the most effective technique to slow the spread of venom after as snakebite	Pressure immobilization bandage	43
3367470484	The purpose of the pressure immobilization bandage is to restrict the flow of the ______, not the blood	Lymph	44
3367470485	Rinsing site of the sting from marine life with _______ will reduce pain to the sting	Vinegar	45
3367470486	After a sting site has been rinsed with vinegar to inactivate the venom, immersion of the site in hot but nonscalding water (maximum ____ degrees) may further reduce the pain	113	46
3369006437	Since infants and young children are small with large skin surface areas in relation to their total body mass and have little body fat, they are especially prone to ________	hypothermia	47
3369008663	Because of small muscle mass, infants and children do not ________ very much at all	shiver	48
3369015792	When delivering a baby, it is crucial to ______ them (to prevent heat loss from evaporation) and ___ ____ ____ (to prevent heat loss by radiation and convection)	dry, cover their head	49
3369064353	When assessing a patient, consider the impact of the following 8 things	air temperature wind and/or water chill the patients age and health underlying illness existing injuries how active the patient was during exposure possible drug and alcohol use	50
3369108276	Passive rewarming involves simply _______ the patient, and taking other steps, including ______ ___ _______, to prevent further heat loss	covering the patient, removing wet clothing	51
3369116902	All EMS systems allow passive rewarming but not all allow _____ ________. Follow your local protocol	active rewarming	52
3369119516	Active rewarming can be a __________ process if the patients condition is more serious than believed	dangerous	53
3369127916	If you are allowed to rewarm a patient with hypothermia who is alert and responding appropriately, do so, but do not ______ _______	delay transport	54
3369130037	_________ the patient while en route	rewarm	55
3369140751	After you've removed the wet clothing and covered the patient in dry, warm blankets, be sure to keep the patient ______, and handle him very ______.	still, gently	56
3369143354	Should you massage the patients extremities?	NO	57
3369146133	Do not let the hypothermic patient ______	walk	58
3369154021	Do not warm the patient ____ ______ as this could cause ____ ______	too quickly, cardiac arrest	59
3369185120	Take the following precautions when actively rewarming a patient: rewarm ______, handle as if there were ______ ______ ______, use ________ _______, if transportation is delayed give the patient _ _______ _______, keep the patient __ ______, avoid _____ _______	slowly, unstable cervical-spine injuries, central warming, a warm bath, at rest, rough handling	60
3369209996	You must avoid rewarming ___ _____ because if they are warmed first you could cause a dangerous form of shock	the limbs	61
3369213345	Give the hypothermic patient ____ _______ at a slow rate	warm liquids	62
3369238172	Active heating includes hot packs, hot water bottles, electric heating pads, warm ___, radiated heat, and even your own body heat.	air	63
3369247681	A hypothermic patient who is unresponsive or not responding appropriately has _____ hypothermia. For this patient provide ______ warming	severe, passive	64
3369272856	For the patient with severe hypothermia, along with removing from environment and protecting from further heat loss, ensure _____ _____, provide _____-____ _____ (passed through a warm-water humidifier or use cylinder from warm storage area), wrap in blankets and transport immediately	airway open, high-flow oxygen	65
3369277786	With extreme hypothermia, you will find the patient unconscious with no discernible ____ _____	vital signs	66
3369280171	The heart rate can slow to less than ____ beats per minute	10	67
3369282052	core body temperature may fall below _____ degrees	80	68
3369285200	For patients with extreme hypothermia assess the _____ _____ for ___ to __ seconds	carotid pulse, 30 to 45	69
3369290924	For the patient with extreme hypothermia, if there is no pulse start ____ and prepare to apply the ___	CPR, AED	70
3369308652	For patients with extreme hypothermia, if he has a pulse, treat as you would for a patient with ______ ______ - use passive rewarming, keep airway open, use warmed high-flow oxygen,	severe hypothermia	71
3369328768	Even though there are no vital signs, the hypothermic patient may not reach _______ _______ for more than ____ minutes	biological death, 30	72
3369337579	Remember "your not dead until you're ______ and _____	warm and dead	73
3369392895	Local cooling is classified as 1) _____ or _________ and 2) _______ or ____	early or superficial, and late or deep	74
3369397599	local cooling usually effects the ears, nose, hands, fingers, _____ and ______	feet and toes	75
3369420228	With early or superficial local cold injury, the s/sx's are the following: for light skinned people, the skin ____, for dark skinned people, the skin ______. Both then _____. Also, the affected area feels ______	reddens, lightens. blanch (whiten). numb	76
3369428028	With early/superficial cold injury you should/should not rub or massage the area	SHOULD NOT	77
3369461687	With late or deep local cold injury, the s/sx's are the following: affected skin appears ____ and _____. If the condition progresses to actual freezing, the skin turns _____ or ______, and the color turns from white to ______ ______ and finally to _____ ____.	white and waxy, mottled or blotchy, grayish yellow, grayish blue	78
3369863029	Never ____ or ______ a frostbite or break blisters. And, never allow a patient to walk on an affected extremity. Also, do not ____ a frozen limb if there's a chance it will be frozen again	rub or massage, thaw	79
3369875537	Active rapid rewarming of frozen parts is ____ recommended	seldom	80
3369883197	If you are in an area where you must attempt rewarming without instructions from a physician, follow these procedures: Heat water to between ___ and ___ degrees. remove anything covering the frozen area. Fully _______ the injured part but do not let it ______ the sides or bottom of the container	100 to 105, immerse, touch	81
3369896176	When actively rewarming a frozen part, the patient may complain of ____. This is a good indicator of __________ rewarming	pain, successful	82
3369903676	When the frozen part is completely rewarmed it will no longer feel _____ and turn _____ or ____	frozen, red or blue	83
3369909834	After rewarming a frozen part, gently ___ the affected area and apply dry, sterile dressings. Place the dressing _____ fingers and toes before dressing the ____ and ____	dry, between, hands, and feet	84
3369921017	When covering a dressed, rewarmed injured site, make sure the blanket does not come in ____ _____ with the area or put _______ on the site by resting the cover on a framework.	direct contact, presure	85
3369926213	Do not allow a rewarmed site to _____	refreeze	86
3370241956	To rapidly cool a patient with a hyperthermic emergency apply ice packs to the neck, groin, and _____ (______)	axilla (armpits)	87
3370249824	decompression sickness from a dive usually takes place ...	from 1 to 48 hours after the dive	88
3370260403	The most important factor in determining whether EMT's enter the water to rescue a patient is what?	their training	89
3370270975	The LEAST safe method of executing an ice rescue is use of a ...	human chain	90
3370275727	Venom produced by a snake or spider is an example of a(n):	toxin	91
3370280664	The sting or bite that claims the most lives comes from what?	bees and wasps	92
3370285493	In addition to noticeable puncture marks, s/sx's of a snake bite include pain and swelling at the site, ____cardia, ______, generalized ________, _______ problems, n/v, ______, drowsiness, and ______.	tachycardia, dyspnea, generalized weakness, vision problems, nausea and vomiting, seizures, drowsiness, and unconsciousness	93
3370310563	A dangerous, venomous snake that is NOT a pit viper is the ______ ______	coral snake	94
3370314887	water chill, which occurs when clothing or the body gets wet is an example of what?	conduction	95
3370319895	Wind chill, which occurs when currents of air pass over the body, is an example of what?	convection	96
3370330731	Rough handling of a patient with hypothermia may result in what?	ventricular fibrillation	97
3370339344	superficial (early) local cold injuries are sometimes referred to as ____	frostnip	98
3370342076	Deep (late) local cold injuries are sometimes referred to as ____	frostbite	99
3370355433	S/Sx's of a person experiencing a heat emergency are _____, ______, _____ and _____ breathing, ____ pulse, heavy ______, loss of _____	cramps, weakness, rapid and shallow, weak, perspiration, consciousness	100
3370369122	S/Sx's of hypothermia are Sh_____, N____, S____, D____, R____ breathing, R____pulse, or low, absent or undetectable _______	shivering, numbness, stiffness, drowsiness, rapid breathing, rapid pulse, slow or absent or undetecable blood pressure	101
3371012169	A(n) ____ _____ is the result of gases leaving a damaged lung and entering the bloodstream	air embolism	102
3371025854	The ____ ____ ____ was formed to assist rescuers with the care of underwater diving accident patients	Diver Alert Network	103
3371035937	Soaking a wound in ______ water for 30 minutes will break down venom from a stinging or bite wound	hot	104
3371043304	most radiant heat occurs from a person's ______ and _____	head and neck	105