AP Language Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

6681629441	Polemic	Greek for "hostile". An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Opposite of Rogerian	0
6681639450	Rhetoric	The art of finding ways to persuade an audience	1
6681639451	SOAPS	Device to remember the elements making up the rhetorical situation. Stands for Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, and Speaker	2
6681651899	Rhetorical triangle (Aristotelian triangle)	Diagram illustrating the relationship between speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text	3
6681654760	Alliteration	Repetition of the same sound beginning several words (Sally Sells Sued Several Sickly Spiders)	4
6681681107	Anaphora	Repetition of a specific word at the beginning of successive phrases or words/clauses. Ex. The night was dark, the night was cold, and the night was obviously not one of her best.	5
6681691745	Antimetabole	Repetition of words in reverse order ex. Ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country	6
6681708740	Antithesis	Opposition or contrast of words/ideas in a similar construction	7
6681733864	Cumulative Sentence	Sentence that completes its main idea at the beginning of the sentence and adds on to it	8
6681740563	Hortative Sentence	Sentence that calls or urges someone to action Ex. I want YOU for the US Army.	9
6681749966	Imperative Sentence	Sentence used to command or unite Do not think of your individual; ask what you and your community can do for all.	10
6681759762	Inversion	Inverted order of words in a sentence	11
6681772581	Archaic Diction	Outdated or old fashioned language	12
6681783763	Periodic Sentence	Sentence whose main clause and point is held until the end	13
6681918010	Parallelism	Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.	14
6681947283	Syndoche	Figure of speech that uses a part to represent a whole	15
6681951713	Zeugma (like Zathura)	Use of two different words in a grammatically similar war that produces different interpretations and meanings ex. A call to arms (arms as weapons and arms as arms)	16
6682014162	Ad Hominem	Latin for "to the men" Logical fallacy that challenges the character of the speaker	17
6683767297	Ad Populum (Bandwagon)	Logical fallacy saying everyone is doing it, so you should do the same	18
6683815578	Appeal to Authority	Logical fallacy that depicts someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue as an authority figure	19
6683903514	Begging the Question	Logical fallacy where a claim is based on doubtful evidence or unlinked subjects ex. Giving students access to a wealth of facts and resources online helps them develop critical thinking skills	20
6684051951	False Dilemma (Either/Or)	Fallacy where two extremes are the only options (either ____ or ____)	21
6684088368	Faulty Analogy	Fallacy where two things that aren't really comparable are compared (putting dogs in pain down vs putting humans down)	22
6684127415	Logical Fallacy	Potential weakness in an argument	23
6684162828	Straw Man	Fallacy where a poor or oversimplified example is used to ridicule and refute an idea (think pluto is a planet rick + morty)	24
6684130418	Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc	Fallacy saying that because something happened before that it was a direct cause of something else that's unrelated (ex. Jackson becoming president leading to hurricanes, floods, stock market crash etc)	25
6684148690	Qualfier	Usually, Probably, Likely (something making a phrase not an absolute)	26
6684095556	First Hand Evidence	Evidence based on knowledge the writer possesses	27
6684118591	n	Generalization	28
6683938073	Circular Reasoning	A fallacy in which the writer rewords the claim as support for itself. ex. You can't give me a C! I'm an A student.	29
6683949100	Claim	States the argument's main idea or position	30
6683968546	Claim of Fact	Asserts that something is true or not true (just a fact, not complicated)	31
6683978039	Claim of Policy	Proposal of a change	32
6683982582	Claim of Value	Argument that something is right or wrong	33
6683987982	Classical Oration	Five part argument structure Introduction - Introduces reader to subject Narration - Background establishing the subject and the author's point Confirmation - Proof to make the author's point Refutation - Rejection of the counterargument Conclusion - Brings the essay to a close	34
6684026228	Deduction	Process by which one reaches a conclusion using major and minor premises	35
6684160654	Second Hand Evidence	Evidence accessed through research, reading, and investigation.	36
6684160655	Rogerian Argument	Argument that uses the full argument of the opposition to respond to it in a persuasive and appropriate manner	37
6684172069	Syllogism/Deduction	Logical structure using major/minor premise to reach a conclusion	38
6684172070	Toulmin Model	Approach to constructing arguments consisting of evidence as support, claim, warrant or assumption, backing, and a reservation	39