Brinkley Chapter 1 Guiding Questions 1. Identify and describe the elaborate native civilizations that developed in South and Central American and Mexico. 2. Describe the way of life of the North American Indians ? where they lived and how they supported themselves. 3. Describe the changes taking place among North American Indians during the century before Europeans arrived. 4. How were efforts to determine the pre-Columbian population of America tied to the larger debate over the consequences of European settlement of the Western Hemisphere? 5. What changes stimulated Europeans to look toward new lands? 6. What did Columbus hope to achieve through his voyages, and what did he actually accomplish?