Exploring Psychology- Myers 9th edition Chapter 10 Flashcards

5539432099	motivation	a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.	0
5539432100	instinct	a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. genes do predispose some species-typical behavior	1
5539443485	instinct theory	evolutionary perspective focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors	2
5539432101	drive-reduction theory	the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. focuses on how we respond to inner pushes	3
5539454409	arousal theory	focuses on finding the right levels of stimulation	4
5539460231	Maslows hierarchy of needs	focuses on the priority of some needs over others	5
5539432102	homeostasis	a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.	6
5539432103	incentive	a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.	7
5539432104	Yerkes-Dodson law	the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.	8
5539432105	hierarchy of needs	Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.	9
5539483858	affiliation need	the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group	10
5539489976	Ostracism	the deliberate exclusion of individuals or groups	11
5539497172	achievement motivation	a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of skills or ideas; for control; and for attaining a high standard	12
5539514452	grit	involves passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals	13
5539432106	glucose	the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.	14
5539432107	set point	the point at which your "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore the lost weight.	15
5539432108	basal metabolic rate	the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.	16
5539432109	achievement motivation	a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for rapidly attaining a high standard.	17
5539524329	arcuate nucleus	neural arc in the hypothalamus that secretes appetite-suppressing hormones	18
5539531806	ghrelin	a hunger arousing hormone secreted by the empty stomach	19
5539536425	insulin	hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose	20
5539539701	leptin	protein hormone secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger	21
5539545709	orexin	hunger-triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus	22
5539548139	PYY	digestive tract hormone; sends "Im not hungry" signals to the brain	23
5539554077	arousing appetite	doubled snacking when watching an intense action movie	24
5539558489	friends and food	presence of others amplifies natural behavior tendencies	25
5539561980	serving size	consumed food is influenced by size of serving	26
5539567052	selections stimulate	food variety promotes eating	27
5539569794	nudging nutrition	new practices, such as a school lunch tray making fruits and vegetables more prominent, may improve eating habits	28
5539432110	emotion	a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.	29
5539580840	bodily arousal	heart pounding	30
5539584001	expressive behaviors	quickened pace	31
5539586156	conscious experience	both thoughts and feelings	32
5539432111	James-Lange theory	the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.	33
5539432112	Cannon-Bard theory	the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.	34
5539432113	two-factor theory	the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.	35
5539432114	polygraph	a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion.	36
5539432115	facial feedback effect	the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings, such as fear, anger, or happiness.	37
5539432116	Maslow Physiological Needs	Need to satisfy hunger and thirst	38
5539432117	Maslow Safety Needs	Need to feel the world is organized and predictable, the need to feel safe	39
5539432118	Maslow Belongingness and love need	Need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted, need to avoid loneliness and separation.	40
5539432119	Maslow Esteem Needs	Need for self-esteem , achievement, competence, and independence; need for recognition and respect from others.	41
5539432120	Maslow Self-Actualization	Need to live up to our fullest unique potential. Be all that you can be, The feeling that you have a mission on this earth.	42
5539432121	Optimum Arousal Theory	Sometimes we want to increase arousal; curiosity, boredom, sex.	43