AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards

AP Lang Vocab additions, Week 1

3733093374	colloquialism	a word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing (y'all, ain't)	0
3733093375	diction	a writer's or speaker's choice of words	1
3733093376	point of view	the perspective from which a story is told	2
3733093377	allegory	a literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions	3
3733093378	generic conventions	the traditions for each genre. These conventions help to define each genre; for example they differentiate between and essay and journalistic writing.	4
3733093379	homily	a sermon on a moral or religious topic	5
3733093380	parody	a composition that imitates somebody's style in a humorous way	6
3733093381	prose	ordinary writing as distinguished from verse	7
3733093382	satire	form of literature in which irony, sarcasm, and ridicule are employed to attack human vice and folly	8
3733093383	ambiguous	open to two or more interpretations	9
3733093384	atmosphere	The emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene	10
3733093385	colloquial	characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing	11
3733093386	didactic	intended to teach or instruct	12
3733093387	invective	abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will	13
3733093388	irony/ironic	The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what actually is true.	14
3733093389	mood	the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage	15
3733093390	undertone	something that suggests a particular idea or feeling without directly saying or showing it	16
3733093391	wit	In modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. Usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement.	17
3733093392	allusion	A reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize	18
3733093393	aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.	19
3733093394	apostrophe	A figure of speech in which one directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, or some abstraction	20
3733093395	conceit	a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects	21
3733093396	connotation	refers to the implied or suggested meanings associated with a word beyond its dictionary definition	22
3733093397	euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant	23
3733093398	extended metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.	24
3733093399	figurative language	writing or speech that is not meant to be taken literally	25
3733093400	figure of speech	a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be taken on a literal level	26
3733093401	hyperbole	a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	27
3733093402	alliteration	Repitition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence	28
3733093403	allusion	Brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or fictitious, or to a work of art	29
3733093404	anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines	30
3733093405	antimetabole	Repetition of words in reverse order (AKA chiasmus)	31
3733093406	antithesis	Opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction	32
3733093407	archaic diction	Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words	33
3733093408	asyndeton	Omission of conjunctions between coordinating phrases, clauses, or words (as opposed to polysyndeton)	34
3733093409	cumulative sentence	Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence, and then builds and adds on details	35
3733093410	hortative sentence	sentence that exhorts, advises, calls to action	36
3733093411	imperative sentence	sentence used to command, enjoin, implore, or entreat	37
3733093412	inversion	the reversal of the normal order of words	38
3733093413	juxtaposition	placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	39
3733093414	metaphor	a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity`	40
3733093415	metonymy	substituting the name of an attribute or feature for the name of the thing itself (as in 'they counted heads')	41
3733093416	oxymoron	a figure of speech consisting of two apparently contradictory terms	42
3733093417	parallelism	Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	43
3733093418	periodic sentence	a complex sentence in which the main clause comes last and is preceded by the subordinate clause	44
3733093419	personification	a type of figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is given human characteristics	45
3733093420	rhetorical question	a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered	46
3733093421	zeugma	use of two different words in a grammatically similar way but producing different, often incongruous, meanings	47
3733093422	anecdote	short account of an incident (especially a biographical one)	48
3733093423	annotation	a critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work	49
3733093424	antecedent	The noun to which a later pronoun refers	50
3733093425	Aristotelian triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	51
3733093426	audience	one's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed	52
3733093427	close reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	53
3733093428	context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	54
3733093429	polysyndeton	using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted (as in 'he ran and jumped and laughed for joy')	55
3733093430	scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.	56
3733093431	trope	artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech	57
3733093432	Argumentum ad Hominem	Discrediting an argument by attacking the person who makes it rather than the argument itself	58
3733093433	Argumentum ad Baculum/ Appeal to Force	Audience is issued a threat or some other negative repercussion if the audience doesn't accept/ agree with the argument presented.	59
3733093434	Argumentum ad Verecundiam/ Appeal to (Improper) Authority	Audience is expected to accept argument from a source that may not be reliable (source's authority is in an unrelated field) but that may be well-known or popular	60
3733093435	Argumentum ad Traditio / Appeal to Tradition	This line of thought asserts that premise must be true because people have always believed in it or have done it. Also could suggest that since it worked in the past, it will work now.	61
3733093436	Argumentum ad Populum / Appeal to Popular Opinion - (Bandwagon)	Claiming that a position is true because most people believe it is.	62
3733093437	Argumentum ad Ignorantium/ Appeal to Lack of Evidence	Appealing to a lack of information to prove a point or arguing that since the opposition cannot disprove a claim, the opposite stance must be true.	63
3733093438	Begging the Question	Using a premise to prove a conclusion when the premise itself assumes the conclusion is true; The first claim is initially loaded with the very conclusion one has yet to prove.	64
3733093439	Circular Reasoning	Often writers using this fallacy take one idea and phrase it into two statements. The assertions differ sufficiently to obscure the fact that the same proposition occurs as both a premise and a conclusion. The writer then tries to "prove" his or her assertion by merely repeating it in different words.	65
3733093440	False Dilemma - (Either/Or)	Suggesting only two solutions when other options could also available.	66
3733093441	Faulty Analogy	Relying on comparisons rather than facts to prove a point	67
3733093442	Hasty Generalization	Arriving at a conclusion based on an inadequate evidence or a sample that is too small	68
3733093443	Loaded (Complex) Question	Combining two questions as if they were one, when really they should be answered or discussed separately	69
3733093444	Misleading Statistic	Statistics that are not gathered by a large majority or that are portrayed as more drastic than they really are.	70
3733093445	Non Sequitur	Using a premise to prove an unrelated point. The conclusion doesn't logically follow the explanation.	71
3733093446	Poisoning the Well	Presenting negative information about a person before he/she speaks so as to discredit the person's argument	72
3733093447	Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc - ("After this, therefore because of this")	Occurs when the writer/speaker mistakenly assumes that, because the first event preceded the second event, it must mean that the first event caused the later one.	73
3733093448	Red Herring	Introducing an unrelated or invalid point to distract the reader/ audience from the actual argument	74
3733093449	Slippery Slope	Suggesting that one step will inevitably lead to more, eventually negative steps	75
3733093450	Stacking the Deck	When a writer/speaker tries to prove a point by focusing on only one side of the argument while ignoring the other; speaker stacks evidence in his/her favor by listing only those elements that support his/her case.	76
3733093451	Straw Man	Attacking one of the opposition's unimportant or small arguments, while ignoring the opposition's best argument; oversimplifying an argument to attack the more simplified version instead of addressing the entire complex argument provided by the opponent	77
3733093452	argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence	78
3733093453	assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.	79
3733093454	claim	an assertion that something is true or factual	80
3733093455	common ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions.	81
3733093456	concession	a reluctant acknowledgment or yielding	82
3733093457	counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	83
3733093458	deduction	reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)	84
3733093459	fact	information that has been objectively verified	85
3733093460	induction	reasoning from detailed facts to general principles	86
3733093461	occasion	an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing	87
3733093462	rhetoric	the study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion"	88
3733093463	rhetorical modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.	89
3733093464	premise	a statement upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn	90
3733093465	purpose	the author's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing	91
3733093466	refute	to disprove; to successfully argue against	92
3733093467	speaker	the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	93
3733093468	subject	in rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing	94
3733093469	syllogism	a three-part deductive argument in which a conclusion is based on a major premise and a minor premise ("All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal.")	95
3733093470	thesis	the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	96
3733093471	thesis statement	a sentence or two that states the central idea in a work; the idea may be explicit or implicit	97
3733093472	topic sentence	A sentence, most often at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis	98
3733093473	voice	(Grammar) a term for the relationship between the verb and a noun (Rhetoric)a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing	99
3733093474	Begging the Question:	Using a premise to prove a conclusion when the premise itself assumes the conclusion is true; The first claim is initially loaded with the very conclusion one has yet to prove.	100
3733093475	Circular Reasoning:	Often writers using this fallacy take one idea and phrase it into two statements. The assertions differ sufficiently to obscure the fact that the same proposition occurs as both a premise and a conclusion. The writer then tries to "prove" his or her assertion by merely repeating it in different words.	101
3733093476	False Dilemma: (Either/Or)	Suggesting only two solutions when other options could also available.	102
3733093477	Faulty Analogy:	Relying on comparisons rather than facts to prove a point	103
3733093478	Hasty Generalization:	Arriving at a conclusion based on an inadequate evidence or a sample that is too small	104
3733093479	Loaded (Complex) Question:	Combining two questions as if they were one, when really they should be answered or discussed separately	105
3733093480	Misleading Statistic:	Statistics that are not gathered by a large majority or that are portrayed as more drastic than they really are.	106
3733093481	Non Sequitur:	Using a premise to prove an unrelated point. The conclusion doesn't logically follow the explanation.	107
3733093482	Poisoning the Well:	Presenting negative information about a person before he/she speaks so as to discredit the person's argument	108
3733093483	Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc -	("After this, therefore because of this") Occurs when the writer/speaker mistakenly assumes that, because the first event preceded the second event, it must mean that the first event caused the later one.	109
3733093484	Red Herring -	Introducing an unrelated or invalid point to distract the reader/ audience from the actual argument	110
3733093485	Slippery Slope -	Suggesting that one step will inevitably lead to more, eventually negative steps	111
3733093486	Stacking the Deck -	When a writer/speaker tries to prove a point by focusing on only one side of the argument while ignoring the other; speaker stacks evidence in his/her favor by listing only those elements that support his/her case.	112
3733093487	Straw Man -	Attacking one of the opposition's unimportant or small arguments, while ignoring the opposition's best argument; oversimplifying an argument to attack the more simplified version instead of addressing the entire complex argument provided by the opponent	113