AP Language Summer Words Flashcards

4490735337	Alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.	0
4490735338	Allusion	An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event.	1
4490735339	Analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.	2
4490735340	Anaphora	The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.	3
4490735341	Anecdote	A short account of an interesting event.	4
4490735342	Annotation	Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.	5
4490735343	Antecedant	The noun to which a later pronoun refers.	6
4490735344	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	7
4490735345	Antithesis	Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.	8
4490735346	Aphorism	A short, astute statement of a general truth.	9
4490735347	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	10
4490735348	Archaic diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	11
4490735349	Argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence.	12
4490735350	Aristotelian/Rhetorical triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience.	13
4490735351	Assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. One supported by evidence becomes an argument.	14
4490735352	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	15
4490735353	Asyndeton	The omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses.	16
4490735354	Attitude	The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.	17
4490735355	Audience	One's listeners or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	18
4490735356	Authority	A reliable respected source.	19
4490735357	Bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	20
4490735358	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	21
4490735359	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence.	22
4490735360	Close reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	23
4490735361	Colloquial/-ism	An informal or conversational use of language.	24
4490735362	Common ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions.	25
4490735363	Complex sentence	A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	26
4490735364	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgement or yielding.	27
4490735365	Connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning.	28
4490735366	Context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	29
4490735367	Coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as "and" or "but."	30
4490735368	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	31
4490735369	Declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement.	32
4490735370	Deduction	Reasoning from general to specific.	33
4490735371	Denotation	The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.	34
4490735372	Diction	Word choice.	35
4490735373	Documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.	36
4490735374	Elegiac	Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.	37
4490735375	Epigram	A brief, witty statement.	38
4490735376	Ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals.	39
4490735377	Figurative language	The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.	40
4490735378	Figure of speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.	41
4490735379	Hyperbole	Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.	42
4490735380	Imagery	Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).	43
4490735381	Imperative sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	44
4490735382	Induction	Reasoning from specific to general.	45
4490735383	Inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	46
4490735384	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.	47
4490735385	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.	48
4490735386	Logos	A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals.	49
4490735387	Metaphor	A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.	50
4490735388	Metonymy	Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.	51
4490735389	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms.	52
4490735390	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.	53
4490735391	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	54
4490735392	Parody	A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.	55
4490735393	Pathos	A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals.	56
4490735394	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.	57
4490735395	Personification	Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.	58
4490735396	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually philosophy, politics, or religion.	59
4490735397	Polysyndeton	The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.	60
4490735398	Premise (major, minor)	Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major one and its subject from the minor one.	61
4490735399	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	62
4490735400	Purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	63
4490735401	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.	64
4490735402	Rhetoric	The art of speaking or writing effectively.	65
4490735403	Rhetoric modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; they include but are not limited to: narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.	66
4490735404	Rhetorical question	A question asked more to produce an effect than summon an answer.	67
4490735405	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.	68
4490735406	Sentence patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.	69
4490735407	Sentence variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.	70
4490735408	Simile	A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things.	71
4490735409	Simple sentence	A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause.	72
4490735410	Source	A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.	73
4490735411	Speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing.	74
4490735412	Straw man	A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position.	75
4490735413	Style	The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.	76
4490735414	Subject	In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.	77
4490735415	Subordinate clause	A clause that modifies an independent clause, created by a subordinating conjunction.	78
4490735416	Subordination	The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.	79
4490735417	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise.	80
4490735418	Syntax	Sentence structure.	81
4490735419	Synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	82
4490735420	Thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	83
4490735421	Thesis statement	A statement of the central idea in a work that may be explicit or implicit.	84
4490735422	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	85
4490735423	Topic sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	86
4490735424	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	87
4490735425	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	88
4490735426	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun. In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	89
4490735427	Zeugma	A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs two or more words in a sentence, often in different, sometimes incongruent ways.	90