Cracking the AP Language: Chapter 9 Flashcards

2817579575	Fallacy	(n.) a false notion or belief; an error in thinking	0
2817579990	Ad Hominem	In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man."	1
2817580736	Argument from Authority	tempts us to agree with the writer's assumptions based on the authority of a famous person or entity or on his or her own character	2
2817582941	Appeal to Ignorance	based on the assumption that whatever has not been proven false must be true	3
2817583355	Begging the Question/Circular Reasoning	A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt.	4
2817585280	Hasty Generalization	a fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence	5
2817586490	Non Sequitur / Does not follow	A statement that does not follow logically from evidence	6
2817587763	False Dichotomy	Consists of a consideration of only the two extremes when there are one or more intermediate possibilities	7
2817588979	Slippery Slope	A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented.	8
2817590354	Faulty Causality	setting up a cause-effect relationship when none exists	9
2817590535	Straw Man Argument	oversimplification of an opponent's argument that makes it easier to attack	10
2817591308	Sentimental Appeals	Arguments that use tender emotions excessively to distract readers from the facts. Emotions become an impediment to civil discourse when they keep people from thinking clearly.	11
2817591430	Red Herring	A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion	12
2817591743	Scare Tactics	Try to frighten people into agreeing with the arguer by threatening them or predicting unrealistically dire consequences	13
2817592219	Bandwagon Appeals	encourages the audience to agree because everyone else does	14
2817592930	Dogmatism	does not allow for debate or discussion because speaker believes s/he is beyond question	15
2817594905	Equivocation	the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself; prevarication	16
2817596002	Faulty Analogy	an illogical, misleading comparison between two things	17