pre-ap world history Flashcards

5723340603	alexander the great	young macedonian conqueror who ruled areas in europe africa and asia; died of malaria at 33	0
5723340604	allah	an islamic term for God	1
5723340605	anatolia	the southwest asian peninsula now occupied by turkey- also called asia minor	2
5723340606	artisans	a skilled worker such as a weaver or a potter who makes goods by hand	3
5723340607	aryans	indo-european people who began to migrate into the indian subcontinent in 1500 B.C.E	4
5723340608	ashoka	considered the greatest mauryan ruler gained all but the southern tip of india through conquest. converted to and greatly promoted buddhism	5
5723340609	autocracy	a government in which the ruler has unlimited power and used it in an arbitrary manner	6
5723340610	babylon	a city in ancient mesopotamia on the euphrates river	7
5723340611	barter	a form of trade in which people exchange goods and services without the use of money	8
5723340612	bedouins	nomads of the arabian peninsula w w culture based on herding camels and goats	9
5723340613	brahma	the hindu creator god	10
5723340614	brahmin	in aryan society, a member of th highest social caste; made up of priest	11
5723340615	bronze age	a period in human history during which people began using bronze	12
5723340616	buddhism	an ethical system, philosophy and religion based on the teachings of buddha l	13
5723340617	bureaucracy	a system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of the government	14
5723340618	carthage	phoenician city state in north africa founded by the rome and destroyed by rome in the punic war	15
5723340619	chandragupta mauryan	ruler of the small ganges valley state who defeated the greeks in area and made himself king in 332 B.C.E. he then created and enlarged the mauryan empire	16
5723340620	chavin	the first major south american civilization which flourished in the highlands of what is now peru from about 900 to 200 B.C.E	17
5723340621	city state	a city and its surrounding land functioning as an independent political unit	18
5723340622	civilization	a form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology.	19
5723340623	confucianism	the Chinese system of ethics, education, and statesmanship stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, filial piety, and harmony in thought and conduct.	20
5723340624	Confucius	Chinese philosopher who wrote an elaborate political philosophy that became the core of china's cultural and political thinking for centuries. Those who adopted his teachings saw him not as a deity but as a master of ethics.	21
5723340625	consul	in the roman republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government.	22
5723340626	cultural diffusion	the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another.	23
5723340627	cuneiform	a system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols, inverted by the Sumerians around 300 B.C.E	24
5723340628	daoism	philosophy based on the ideas of the chinese thinkers laozi, who taught that people should be guided by a universal force called the dao (way)	25
5723340629	dictator	in ancient rome a political leader given the absolute power to make laws and comment the army for a limited time	26
5723340630	dynastic cycle	the rise, decline, and replacement of families of rulers	27
5723340631	dynasty	a series of rulers from a single family	28
5723340632	empire	an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, especially an emperor or empress	29
5723340633	etruscans	skilled metal workers and engineers native to northern italy in the classical period	30
5723340634	fertile crescent	an arm of rich farmland in southwest asia between the persian gulf and the mediterranean sea	31
5723340635	filial piety	the confucian idea that respect should be shown by children for their parents and elders	32
5723340636	five pillars	the obligatory religious duties for all muslims : •profession of faith • prayer • fasting during ramadan • zakat • hajj	33
5723340637	gupta empire	the second empire in india founded by the chandra gupta I in 320 C.E.	34
5723340638	hajj	pilgrimage to the holy city of mecca; one of the five pillars of islam	35
5723340639	hammurabi	the first code of crime and punishment based on the concept of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth"	36
5723340640	hannibal	carthaginian general who led troops into italy during the second punic war; he was defeated by the roman general scipio	37
5723340641	hijarah	muhammads migration from mecca to yathrib (medina)	38
5723340642	hinduism	polytheistic religion of indias majority, brought first by aryan conquerors during the vedic and epic ages	39
5723340643	hittities	an indo european people who settled in anatolia around 2000 B.C.E	40
5723340644	hyssops	a group of nomadic invaders from southwest asia who ruled egypt from 1640 to 1570	41
5723340645	indo europeans	a group of semi nomadic peoples will began to migrate c.1700 B.C.E from what is now southern russia to the indian subcontinent, europe, and southwest asia	42
5723340646	inflation	a steady rise in the price of goods related to an increase volume of money, resulting in a loss of value of currency	43
5723340647	institutions	a long lasting pattern of organization in a community	44
5723340648	irrigation	the bringing of water to crop fields by means of canals and ditches	45
5723340649	islam	a monotheistic religion that developed arabia in the seventh century C.E	46
5723340650	julius caesar	dictator of the roman republic who effectively ended the republic and with his successor augustus transformed it into an empire	47
5723340651	kautilya	the chief minister of chandragupta mauryan who wrote the book arthashastra	48
5723340652	khadijah	the first wife of muhammad who was the widow of s wealthy merchant	49
5723340653	kush	an scientific nubian kingdom who's rulers controlled egypt from 751 to 671 B.C.E	50
5723340654	laozi	chinese thinker and founder of daoism who wrote the Dao De Jing (the way or virtue)	51
5723340655	latins	one of the earliest people's to settle into alina peninsula	52
5723340656	legalism	a chinese political philosophy based on the idea that a huffy efficient and powerful government in the key to social order	53
5723340657	legion	a military unit of te ancient roman army made up of about 5,000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers in horseback	54
5723340658	mahabharata	a great indian epic poem, reflecting the struggles of the aryans as the moved south into asia	55
5723340659	matriarchal	relation to a social system in which the mother is head of the family	56
5723340660	mauryan empire	the first empire in india found by the chandragupta mauryan in 321 B.CE.	57
5723340661	mecca	Arabian commercial center and center of islam; home of the prophet for Muhammad	58
5723340662	medina	town northeast of mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences	59
5723340663	Mesopotamia	an ancient civilization founded in the valley of tigris and euphrates rivers in a part of the middle east that is modern day iraq	60
5723340664	migration	the act of moving from one place to settle in another	61
5723340665	minos	the legendary ruler of the minoan civilization in the island of crete who according to legend ordered daedalus to build a labyrinth to house minotaur	62
5723340666	moche	a civilization that flourished on what is now the northern coast of peru from about 100 to 700 C.E	63
5723340667	monarchy	a government in which power is in the hands of a single person	64
5723340668	mosque	an islamic place of worship	65
5723340669	muslim	a follower of islam	66
5723340670	nazca	a civilization that flourished on what is now the southern coast of peru from c.200 B.C.E to 600 C.E	67
5723340671	olmec	the earliest known mesoamerican civilization which flourished around 1200 B.C.E and influenced later societies throughout the region	68
5723340672	patriarchal	relating to a social system in which the father is head of the family	69
5723340673	patricians	in ancient rome a member of the wealthy privileged upper class	70
5723340674	peloponnesian war	a wast which involved athen vs sparta; sparta won the war	71
5723340675	phillip II	kind of macedonia and father of alexander the great who conquered the reel city states	72
5723340676	plebeians	in ancient rome the common farmers, artisans and merchants who made up most the population	73
5723340677	polytheism	a belief in many gods	74
5723340678	province	an administrative district or division of s country or empire	75
5723340679	qin	a short lived chinese dynasty that replaced the zhou dynasty in the third century of B.C.E	76
5723340680	qur'an	the holy book of islam	77
5723340681	republic	a form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected citizens who have the right to vote	78
5723340682	scopio	roman general who defeated the carthaginian general hannibal in the third punic war	79
5723340683	scribes	one of the professional record keepers in the early civilizations	80
5723340684	senator	patrician who served as a lawmaker in the roman debate during the roman republic	81
5723340685	shari'a	a body of law governing the lives of muslims	82
5723340686	shi huangdi	emperor of the chinese tate of qin	83
5723340687	shiva	hindu destroyer god	84
5723340688	specialization	the development of skills in a particular kind of work such as trading or record keeping	85
5723340689	steppes	dry temperate grass covered plains	86
5723340690	sumer	civilization in ancient Mesopotamia characterized by the first development of agriculture	87
5723340691	sunna	an islamic model for living, based on the life and teachings of muhammad	88
5723340692	sunni	the branch of islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of muhammad	89
5723340693	torah	the first 5 books of the hebrew bible; most sacred writings in the in the jewish traditions	90
5723340694	tribune	in ancient rome an official elected by the plebeians to protect their rights	91
5723340695	twelve tables	roman law code developed for in response to the democratization of the roman republic	92
5723340696	untouchables	outcasts of the caste system	93
5723340697	vedas	four collections of sacred writings produced by the aryans during an early stage of their settlement in india	94
5723340698	vishnu	hindu preserver god	95
5723340699	yin and yang	in chinese thought, two powers that govern the natural rhythms of life	96
5723340700	zapotec	and early mesoamerican circulation that was centered in the oaxaca valley of what is now mexico	97
5723340701	zhou dynasty	first of the chinese classical civilization	98
5723340702	ziggurat	a tiered pyramid shaped structure that formed part of sumerian temple	99