AP World History (8) Flashcards
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| 6532186762 | Quaraysh | tribe of bedouins that controlled Mecca in the 7th century C.E. | 0 | |
| 6532186763 | Ka'ba | revered pre-Islamic shrine in Mecca; incorporated into Muslim worship. | 1 | |
| 6532186764 | Medina | town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar. | 2 | |
| 6532186765 | Muhammad | (570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh. | 3 | |
| 6532186766 | Khadijah | the wife of Muhammad. | 4 | |
| 6532186767 | Qur'an | the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam. | 5 | |
| 6532186768 | Ali | cousin and son-in- law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism. | 6 | |
| 6532186769 | umma | community of the faithful within Islam. | 7 | |
| 6532186770 | zakat | tax for charity obligatory for all Muslims. | 8 | |
| 6532186771 | five pillars | the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims: confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). | 9 | |
| 6532186772 | Ramadan | Islamic month of religious observance requiring fasting from dawn to sunset. | 10 | |
| 6532186773 | hajj | a Muslim's pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca to worship Allah at the Ka'ba. | 11 | |
| 6532186774 | caliph | the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community. | 12 | |
| 6532186775 | Ridda wars | wars following Muhammad's death; the defeat of rival prophets and opponents restored the unity of Islam. | 13 | |
| 6532186776 | jihads | Islamic holy war. | 14 | |
| 6532186777 | Copts, Nestorians | Christian sects of Syria and Egypt; gave their support to the Arabic Muslims. | 15 | |
| 6532186778 | Uthman | third caliph; his assassination set off a civil war within Islam between the Umayyads and Ali. | 16 | |
| 6532186779 | Battle of Siffin | battle fought in 657 between Ali and the Umayyads; led to negotiations that fragmented Ali's party. | 17 | |
| 6532186780 | Mu'awiya | first Umayyad caliph; his capital was Damascus. | 18 | |
| 6532186781 | Sunnis | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads. | 19 | |
| 6532186782 | Shi'a | followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam. | 20 | |
| 6532186783 | Karbala | site of the defeat and death of Husayn, the son of Ali. | 21 | |
| 6532186784 | Damascus | Syrian city that was capital of Umayyad caliphate. | 22 | |
| 6532186785 | mawali | non-Arab converts to Islam. | 23 | |
| 6532186786 | jizya | head tax paid by all non-Muslims in Islamic lands. | 24 |