AP Psychology - Language and Cognition Flashcards
Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 6290438945 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |  | 0 |
| 6290438946 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. |  | 1 |
| 6290438947 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. |  | 2 |
| 6290438948 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics. |  | 3 |
| 6290438949 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. |  | 4 |
| 6290438950 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. |  | 5 |
| 6290438952 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. |  | 6 |
| 6290438953 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set. |  | 7 |
| 6290438954 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. |  | 8 |
| 6290438955 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. |  | 9 |
| 6290438956 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information. |  | 10 |
| 6290438957 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. |  | 11 |
| 6290438959 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. |  | 12 |
| 6290438961 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. |  | 13 |
| 6290448823 | Intuition | an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted or explicit, conscious reasoning. | 14 | |
| 6290448824 | Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct - to over-estimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments. | 15 | |
| 6290449931 | Down Syndrome | a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. | 16 |