Edwards, Government in America 2012, ch. 2 Flashcards

7059678504	constitution	the system of fundamental principles according to which a political entity is governed	0
7059682188	natural rights	rights inherent in being a human being	1
7059684366	limited government	the idea that restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens	2
7059686461	Articles of Confederation	the United States' first constitution	3
7059687482	Shays' Rebellion	a series of attacks on courthouses by Massachusetts farmers to block foreclosure proceedings	4
7059689982	factions	groups such as parties or interest groups	5
7059691061	New Jersey plan	plan proposed for the Constitution calling for each state to be equally represented in Congress	6
7059692120	Virginia plan	plan proposed for the Constitution calling for giving the people representation in Congress based on population	7
7059694550	Connecticut (Great) Compromise	the compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention making representation in the House of Representatives based on population and representation in the Senate be two for each state	8
7059697962	writ of habeas corpus	a court order requiring jailers to give a judge a valid legal reason for holding a person in custody or else release the person	9
7059700721	separation of powers	a feature of the Constitution that requires each of the three branches of government to be relatively independent of the others so that one cannot control the others	10
7059702433	checks and balances	features of the Constitution that limit government's power by requiring each branch to obtain the consent of the others for its actions, limiting and balancing power among the branches	11
7059703960	republic	a form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws	12
7059705483	Federalists	supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption	13
7059706371	Anti-Federalists	opponents of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption	14
7059706557	Federalist Papers	a collection of articles written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to support the Constitution in detail	15
7059710552	Bill of Rights	the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution	16
7059711268	Equal Rights Amendment	a proposed but rejected constitutional amendment for protecting the rights of women	17
7059713524	Marbury v. Madison	the 1803 Supreme Court case asserting its right to determine the meaning of the Constitution	18
7059714803	judicial review	the power of the courts to determine whether governmental acts are constitutional	19