AP Language Terms Flashcards

4783980514	Mood	the overall atmosphere created by the setting, the events, and the narrator	0
4783980515	Attitude	the feeling the author holds toward the character, events or situation he is relating to the audience	1
4783980516	Tone	the verbal stance the author assumes toward the reader and his subject as reflect in his "voice"	2
4783980517	Diction	attention to individual word choices	3
4783980518	Syntax	attention to the arrangement of sentences	4
4783980519	Schemes	classic rhetoric provides us with a list of terms referring to the shapes of sentences	5
4783980520	Style	the way a writer presents content	6
4783980521	Antithesis	juxtaposition of opposites, often in parallel structure	7
4783980522	Syllogism	chain of reasoning (logos) moving from general, universal principles to specific instances	8
4783980523	Rogerian Argument	traditional argument seeks all-out victory - try to find mutually acceptable solutions to problems	9
4783980524	Rhetorical Context	background or situation to which a persuasive message is addressed	10
4783980525	Visual Argument / Visual Rhetoric	use of visual elements in an argument	11
4783980526	Ethos	credibility	12
4783980527	Logos	logic	13
4783980528	Pathos	emotion	14
4783980529	Abstract language	used to denote ideas and qualities rather than observable things, people, or places	15
4783980530	Allusion	briefly refers to an event, book, myth, place, or work of art that the reader is expected to recognize	16
4783980531	Ambiguity	multiple meanings of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage implying that several meanings could potentially be correct	17
4783980532	Analogy	similarity or comparison between two different things to show the relationship between them	18
4783980533	Anecdote	a brief recounting of a relevant episode, frequently personal or biographical and often to inject humor into writing	19
4783980534	Antonym	a word opposite in meaning to another word	20
4783980535	Aphorism	a terse statement of known authorship that expresses a general truth or moral principle	21
4783980536	Cliche	overused expression	22
4783980537	Colloquialism	employs emotions generally appropriate for conversations and informal writing (ex: kind of, um, kids)	23
4783980538	Concrete language	denote objects or qualities that the senses can perceive	24
4783980539	Euphemism	replaces a more agreeable or polite term for a generally unpleasant concept (ex: "passed away" instead of "died")	25
4783980540	Extended metaphor	a comparison is developed at length and occurring frequently throughout a work	26
4783980541	Hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration or overstatement for emphasis or humorous effect	27
4783980542	Jargon	specialized vocabulary of a profession or academic field	28
4783980543	Meiosis / Understatement	ironically minimizes a fact for humor or emphasis	29
4783980544	Declarative sentence	statement	30
4783980545	Imperative sentence	command	31
4783980546	Interrogative sentence	question	32
4783980547	Exclamatory sentence	strong emotion	33
4783980548	Sexist language	stereotypes people according to sex	34
4783980549	Slang	employs informal words that have meanings which vary from locale or change as time passes	35
4783980550	Synonym	(unreal) word with the same basic meaning as another	36
4783980551	Imagery	a set of verbal pictures of sensory experiences, arouses emotions, and represents abstractions	37
4783980552	Apostrophe	directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, a personified abstraction, or sometimes an inanimate object to create an effect of emotional intensity or familiarity	38
4783980553	Atmosphere	created by the entirety of a literary work which a writer establishes by choosing objects and a setting that contain certain emotion	39
4783980554	Figures of speech / Figurative Language	imaginative language that suggests a special meaning or create a special effect	40
4783980555	Metaphor	compares or implies comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things, often substituting one for the other (no "like" or "as")	41
4783980556	Metonymy	one object is associated for that of another closely associated with it (ex: baseball player calls his bat an ax)	42
4783980557	Onomatopoeia	natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of the words representing them	43
4783980558	Personification	endows concepts, animals, or inanimate objects with human attributes to create a vivid effect	44
4783980559	Simile	comparing two dissimilar things using "like" or "as"	45
4783980560	Symbol / symbolism	a concrete person, event, or object stands for something more abstract than its literal meaning	46
4783980561	Synecdoche	a part of something stands for the whole (ex: farm worker is referred to as a "hand")	47
4783980562	Tone	author's attitude to his or her material, the audience, or both	48
4783980563	Caricature	a grotesque likeness of striking characteristics in a person or thing	49
4783980564	Homily	literally a sermon, but may include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice	50
4783980565	Humor	creates the effect of comedy and is intended to make light of serious topics	51
4783980566	Invective	emotionally violent verbal denunciation using strong, abusive language	52
4783980567	Irony	reflects a discrepancy between two levels of meaning and effect that reveals a contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant	53
4783980568	Verbal irony	what is stated is opposite its meaning	54
4783980569	Situational irony	a disconnect between an expected outcome and an actual occurrence	55
4783980570	Dramatic irony	a reader understands more in a story than the character living/telling the story	56
4783980571	Parable	a brief story which conveys a lesson	57
4783980572	Persona	a fictional voice adopted by a writer which is used to tell a story	58
4783980573	Sarcasm	deliberate injection of insincere, biting irony, and caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule	59
4783980574	Alliteration	repeats the initial consonant sound in two or more neighboring words	60
4783980575	Anaphora	repetition of the same word or group of words in successive clauses	61
4783980576	Assonance	repeating a vowel sound within two or more words	62
4783980577	Asyndeton	commas are used with no conjunction to separate a series or words, emphasizing the parts equally and speeding up the flow of the sentence (ex: X, Y, Z instead of X, Y, and Z)	63
4783980578	Balanced sentence	both halves of a sentence are about the same length and importance	64
4783980579	Chiasmus	two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses are balanced in a sentence because the ideas in the first clause are reversed by those in the second	65
4783980580	Complex Sentence	has an independent clause and one or more subordinate/dependent clauses	66
4783980581	Compound sentence	two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction or semicolon	67
4783980582	Compound-complex sentence	two independent clauses and one or more subordinate/dependent clauses	68
4783980583	Consonance	a consonant sound is repeated within two or more words in close proximity	69
4783980584	Inverted syntax/order	normal word order is reversed to achieve emphasis or a rhythmic effect by placing the predicate before the subject (think Yoda)	70
4783980585	Loose/cumulative sentence	the main idea (independent clause) is followed by dependent phrases and clauses	71
4783980586	Natural syntax/order	the subject appears before the predicate	72