AP Language Terms Flashcards

5791199595	Alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables	0
5791307282	Allusion	An indirect reference, often to another text or historical event	1
5791307283	Analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things	2
5791307284	Anaphora	The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses	3
5791307285	Anecdote	A short account of an interesting event	4
5791199596	Annotation	Explanitory or critical notes added to a text	5
5791199597	Antecedent	The noun to which a later pronoun refers	6
5791199598	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in inverted order to sharpen a contrast	7
5791199599	Antithesis	Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	8
5791199600	Aphorism	A short, astute statement of a general truth	9
5791199601	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a noun or pronoun	10
5791199602	Archaic Diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language	11
5791199603	Argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence	12
5791199604	Arostotelian Triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle)	13
5791199605	Assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument	14
5791199606	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof	15
5791199607	Asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses	16
5791199608	Attitude	The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone	17
5791199609	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed	18
5791199610	Authority	A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge	19
5791199611	Bias	Predjudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue	20
5791199612	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing and being derived from a source	21
5791199613	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	22
5791199614	Close Reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary and other literary and structural elements of a text	23
5791199615	Colloqiual/ism	An informal or conversational use of language	24
5791307286	Common Ground	Shared beliefs, values, and/or opinions	25
5791307287	Complex Sentence	A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	26
5791307288	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgement or yielding	27
5791307289	Conotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to a word's literal meaning	28
5791307290	Context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning	29
5791307291	Coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but	30
5791307292	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument	31
5791307293	Cumulative Sentence	An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional details	32
5791307294	Declarative Sentence	A sentence that makes a sentence	33
5791307295	Deduction	Reasoning from general to specific	34
5791307296	Denotation	The literal meaning of of a word; its dictionary definition	35
5791307297	Diction	Word choice	36
5791352638	Documentation	Bibliorgraphic information about the sources used in a piece of writing	37
5791352639	Elegiac	Mournful over what had passed or been lost; often used to describe a tone	38
5791352640	Epigram	A brief witty statement	39
5791352641	Ethos	A greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three eomtional appeals	40
5791352642	Figurative Language	The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect	41
5791352643	Figure of Speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning	42
5791352644	Hyperbole	Exageration for the purpose of emphasis	43
5791352645	Imagery	Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing)	44
5791352646	Imperative	A sentence that requests or demands	45
5791352647	Induction	Reasoning from specific to general	46
5791352648	Inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject	47
5791352649	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result	48
5791352650	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things side-by-side for emphasis	49
5791352651	Logos	A greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	50
5791352652	Metaphor	A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as if it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison	51
5791352653	Metonymy	Use of an aspect of something to represent a whole	52
5791352654	Occasion	An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing	53
5791352655	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines two contradicting terms	54
5791352656	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	55
5791352657	Parallelism	The reputation of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns	56
5791352658	Parody	A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another, for comic effect or ridicule	57
5791352659	Pathos	A greek term that refers to suffering, but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	58
5791352660	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing	59
5791352661	Personification	Assigning lofelike characteristics to inatimate objects	60
5791352662	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics or religion	61
5791352663	Polysyndeton	The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions	62
5791352664	Premise	Major/minor: two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise, and its subject from the minor premise. Major: All mammals are warm-blooded Minor: All horses are mammals Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded	63
5791401152	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information	64
5791401153	Purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing	65
5791401154	Refute	To discredit an argument, especially a counterargument	66
5791401155	Rhetoric	The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle uses the "available means of persuasion"	67
5791401156	Rhetorical Mode	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation	68
5791401157	Rhetorical Question	The question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer	69
5791401158	Rhetorical Triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	70
5791401159	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it	71
5791401160	Scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect	72
5791401161	Sentence Patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex	73
5791401162	Sentence Variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect	74
5791401163	Simile	Using "like" or "as" to compare to unlike things	75
5791401164	Simple Sentence	A statement containing a subject or predicate; an independent clause	76
5791401165	Source	A book, article, person, or another resource consulted for information	77
5791401166	Speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	78
5791401167	Straw Man	A logical fallacy that involved the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, than attacking an opponent's position	79
5791401168	Style	The distinctive quality of a speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figure of speech	80
5791401169	Subject	In rhetoric, the topics addressed by a piece of writing	81
5791401170	Subordinate Clause	Created by subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause	82
5791401171	Subordination	The dependence of of one syntactical element on another in a sentence	83
5791401172	Syllogism	The form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise	84
5791401173	Syntax	Sentence structure	85
5791401174	Synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more toxic	86
5791401175	Thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	87
5791401176	Thesis Statement	A statement of the central idea in a work, maybe explicit or implicit	88
5791401177	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience	89
5791401178	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often at the beginning of the paragraph that announces the paragraph idea and often unites it with the work's thesis	90
5791401179	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech	91
5791401180	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect	92
5791401181	Voice	In grammer, the relationship between a verb and noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing	93
5791401182	Zeugma	A constructive in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs - often in different, sometimes incongruent ways - two or more words in a sentence	94