Ap Language & Composition Flashcards

6811859512	Analogy	Puropse is to explain something abstract or complex by showing its similarity to something simpler and more concrete	0
6811859513	Cause and effect	Purpose is the writer wishes to explain why	1
6811859514	Classification	Purpose is the author divided the subject into categories	2
6811859515	Comparison and contrast	Purpose is for the author to show similarities and differences between two subjects	3
6811859516	Definition	Purpose is for the author to define terms that are ambiguous, abstract, unusual, or not understood	4
6811859517	Description	Purpose is to help readers see things more clearly and understand abstract concepts more simply	5
6811859518	Exemplification	Purpose is to use examples to put abstract or complex ideas into a simpler, more concrete form	6
6811859519	Narration	Purpose is to tell a story and use the tools of fiction	7
6811859520	Process analysis	Purpose is to explain how something is done or how it works or operates, or explain how to do something through a set of directions	8
6811859521	Alliteration	Repetition, at close intervals, of beginning sounds	9
6811859522	Allusion	A reference to something in culture, history, or literature	10
6811859523	Allegory	A narrative or description with a secondary or symbolic meaning underlying the literal meaning	11
6811859524	Anecdote	A short narrative of an amusing, unusual, revealing, or interesting event	12
6811859525	Anticlimax	An event or experience that causes disappointment because it's less exciting than was expected or because it happens immediately after a more interesting or exciting event	13
6811859526	Antithesis	The opposite of an idea used to emphasize a point; the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas	14
6811859527	Apostrophe	Speaker directly addresses something or someone not living, that cannot answer back	15
6811902412	Catalog	A list of details that reinforces a concept	16
6811915162	Circumlocution	To write around a subject; to write evasively; to say nothing	17
6811941332	Colloquial	Common or regional language or behavior	18
6811941333	Concrete	Observable, measurable, easily perceived	19
6811941334	Abstract	Vague and not easily defined	20
6811941335	Diatribe	A rant	21
6812021842	Digress	To move off the point, to veer off onto tangents	22
6812021843	Double entendre	Phrase that has two meanings, one generally being sexual or provocative in nature	23
6812021844	Ellipsis	Series of marks (. . .) used in writing to indicate an omission, especially of letters or words	24
6812021845	Epithet	Short, poetic nickname, often in the form of an adjective or adjectival phrase	25
6812021846	Ethos	The writer's honesty and commitment to the writing	26
6812021847	Euphemism	A kinder, gentler, less crude or harsh word or phrase to replace one that seems imprudent to use in a particular situation	27
6812021848	Explicit	Expressly stated; made obvious or evident	28
6812021849	Logical fallacy	An error in reasoning or logic	29
6812021850	Hyperbole	Exaggeration or overstatement	30
6812021851	Idiom	Manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language	31
6812632943	Imagery	Language that evokes the senses	32
6812632944	Implicit	Something that is implied	33
6812632945	Juxtapose	To place side by side in order to show similarities or differences	34
6812632946	Maxim	A saying or expression that proposes to teach or tell a truth	35
6812632947	Metaphor	Comparison of two unlike things in order to show one more clearly or in a new way	36
6812632948	Extended metaphor	Metaphor that extends throughout the work or passage, even forming the basis for the entire work	37
6812632949	Onomatopoeia	Words whose sounds mimic their meaning	38
6812632950	Oxymoron	Two contradictory elements are combined for effect	39
6812632951	Paradox	Juxtaposition of incongruous or conflicting ideas that reveals a truth or insight	40
6812632952	Parallel structure	The use of parallel elements in sentences or in the structure of an essay or prose passage	41
6812632953	Pathos	Appeals to the audience's emotions	42
6812632954	Personification	To give human attributes or qualities to something no living or nonhuman	43
6812632955	Rebuttal	To give an opposing point of view	44
6812632956	Rhetorical question	Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for its persuasive effect without the expectation of a reply	45
6812632957	Satire	Literature that exposes idiocy, corruption, or other human folly through humor, exaggeration, and irony	46
6812632958	Simile	Metaphor using like or as in the comparison	47
6812632959	Symbol	A thing, idea, or person that stands for something else	48
6812632960	Syntax	Order of words in a sentence; also the types and structures of sentences	49
6812632961	Tone	Speaker's attitude toward a person, place, idea, or thing; the emotional quality of a phrase or passage	50
6812632962	Truism	A statement that is obviously true and says nothing new or interesting	51
6812632963	Understatement	Saying less than is warranted by the situation in order to emphasize reality	52
6812632964	Connotation	Emotional or social meaning of a word or phrase	53
6812632965	Equivocation	When the writer uses words that have more than one meaning in order to be intentionally ambiguous	54
6812632966	Propaganda	Language or rhetoric used to persuade a mass audience	55
6812632967	Ad Hominem	When the writer attacks a person instead of addressing the argument or the issue	56
6812632968	Red herring	The arguer throws out an unrelated argument to divert the reader's attention	57
6812632969	Denotation	Refers to the dictionary or precise meaning of a word	58
6812747912	Style	Voice of the writer	59
6812747913	Mood	Emotional quality of the setting	60
6812747914	Didactic	Vocab: preachy, insistent	61
6812747915	Ornate	Vocab: pretentious, flowery, or ostentatious	62
6812747916	Metonymy	Metaphor is which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it's closely associated	63
6813242017	Ambivalent	Vocab: contradictory feeling about something	64
6819000819	Allusive	Vocab: working by suggestion rather than explicit mention	65
6819000820	Haughty	Vocab: arrogantly superior and disdainful	66
6813242018	Capricious	Vocab: sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior	67
6813242019	Petulant	Vocab: childishly sulky or bad-tempered	68
6813242020	Contemptuous	Vocab: feeling or expressing ridicule; insulting	69
6819000821	Morose	Vocab: sullen and ill-tempered	70
6817820967	Sardonic	Vocab: grimly mocking	71
6817826741	Periodic sentence	Sentence type where the most important idea comes at the end of the sentence	72
6817844226	Loose sentence	Sentence type where the most important idea is revealed early and the sentence unfolds loosely after that	73
6817936666	Example: periodic sentence	Sentence type example: Doctors were convinced they had destroyed the pernicious infection, but just when they thought he'd recover fully, Mario became savagely febrile and died.	74
6817979059	Example: loose sentence	Sentence type example: After her chemotherapy failed, Margaret lay moribund in the hospice, glad for the kindness of nurses, thankful for each new morning that she was able to enjoy.	75
6818049245	Parallel sentence	Sentence type that contains parts of equal grammatical structure or rhetorical value in a variety of combinations	76
6818089577	Example: parallel sentence	Sentence type example: Joyce was worn down by the constant invasion of her co-workers, by their insistent stares, by their noisy whispers, by their unveiled disdain. She knew she had to find another job.	77
6818136108	Simple sentence	Sentence type that contains one subject, one verb, modifiers, and complements	78
6818156469	Example: simple sentence	Sentence type example: Puppies need a lot of care.	79
6818168523	Compound sentence	Sentence type that contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction	80
6818730034	Example: compound sentence	Sentence type example: The king's edict that adulterers would be punished by death caused a raucous din in the local taverns, for even the common folk knew that he had many indiscretions of his own for which to atone.	81
6818760199	Complex sentence	Sentence type that contains an independent clause and a dependent subordinate clause	82
6818787473	Example: complex sentence	Sentence type example: Since the nun's ascetic life provided her few material comforts, the wool shawl the novitiate knitter for her was a cherished treasure.	83
6818804338	Compound-complex sentence	Sentence type that contains two independent clauses and a dependent subordinate clause	84
6818816816	Example: compound-complex sentence	Sentence type example: Even though Rafael's muse had sparked his fertile imagination, he nonetheless lost his drive to paint, so he eased his plight by driving a taxi.	85
6818834994	Declarative sentence	Sentence type that makes a statement	86
6818857504	Imperative sentence	Sentence type that makes a command	87
6819032161	Concrete diction	Language that is quantifiable, based on facts, easily accepted by the reader, and generally understood	88
6819112028	Figurative language	Language that is not meant to be taken literally	89
6819149285	Tirade	Vocab: a long, angry speech of criticism or accusation	90
6819161935	Pragmatic	Vocab: dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations	91
6819214858	Polemic	Vocab: a strong verbal or written attack on someone or something	92
6818860220	Interrogative sentence	Sentence type that asks a question	93
6818879627	Exclamatory sentence	Sentence type that makes an emphatic or emotion-filled statement	94
6818960876	Asyndeton	A sentence or phrase excluding conjunctions	95
6819294992	Polysyndeton	A sentence or phrase with an abundance of conjunctions	96
6819310098	Anaphora	The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	97
6819322576	Epistrophe	The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses	98
6819797748	Enumeration	The action of mentioning a number of things one by one	99