AP English Language Vocabulary Flashcards

7195570699	Alliteration	the repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.	0
7195891891	Allusion	an indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event.	1
7195892693	Analogy	an extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.	2
7195893131	Anaphora	the repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.	3
7195895185	Anecdote	a short account of an interesting event.	4
7195895608	Annotation	explanatory or critical notes added to a text.	5
7195896019	Antecedent	the noun to which a later pronoun refers.	6
7195898349	Antimetabole	the repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	7
7195898710	Antithesis	parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.	8
7195899348	Aphorism	a short, astute statement of a general truth.	9
7195899963	Appositive	a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	10
7195900594	Archaic diction	the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	11
7195902616	Argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence.	12
7195903391	Aristotelian triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle).	13
7195903995	Assertion	an emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.	14
7195904897	Assumption	a belief or statement taken for granted without proof. Asyndeton: Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.	15
7195905874	Attitude	the speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.	16
7195907733	Audience	one's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	17
7195908251	Authority	a reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.	18
7195908614	Bias	prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	19
7195909283	Cite	identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	20
7195909800	Claim	an assertion, usually supported by evidence.	21
7195910236	Close reading	a careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	22
7195910742	Colloquial/ism	an informal or conversational use of language.	23
7195911517	Common ground	shared beliefs, values, or positions.	24
7195912826	Complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	25
7195913164	Concession	a reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	26
7195913749	Connotation	that which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation).	27
7195914243	Context	words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	28
7195914633	Coordination	grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but.	29
7195915027	Counterargument	a challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	30
7195915484	Cumulative sentence	an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail.	31
7195917200	Declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement.	32
7195917570	Deduction	reasoning from general to specific.	33
7195917997	Denotation	the literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.	34
7195918293	Diction	word choice.	35
7195918754	Documentation	bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.	36
7195919161	Elegiac	mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.	37
7195919494	Epigram	a brief witty statement.	38
7195920119	Ethos	a Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos).	39
7195920690	Figurative language	the use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.	40
7195921006	Figure of speech	an expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.	41
7195921400	Hyperbole	exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.	42
7195923671	Imagery	vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).	43
7195924046	Imperative sentence	a sentence that requests or commands.	44
7195924569	Induction	reasoning from specific to general.	45
7195925010	Inversion	a sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	46
7195925414	Irony	a contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.	47
7195925694	Juxtaposition	placement of two things side by side for emphasis.	48
7195926263	Logos	a Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos)	49
7195927445	Metaphor	a figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.	50
7195930411	Metonymy	use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.	51
7195930764	Occasion	an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.	52
7195931316	Oxymoron	a figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms.	53
7195931852	Paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.	54
7195932659	Parallelism	the repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	55
7195934571	Parody	a piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.	56
7195935294	Pathos	a Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos).	57
7195935653	Persona	the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.	58
7195936405	Personification	assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.	59
7195937111	Polemic	an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.	60
7195937427	Polysyndeton	the deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.	61
7195938391	Premise	major, minor Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded. Minor premise: All horses are mammals. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism).	62
7195939390	Propaganda	a negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	63
7195941354	Purpose	one's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	64
7195944901	Refute	to discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.	65
7195945177	Rhetoric	the study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion."	66
7195945704	Rhetorical modes	patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.	67
7195946555	Rhetorical question	a question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.	68
7195947176	Rhetorical triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle).	69
7195947949	Satire	an ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.	70
7195948236	Scheme	a pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.	71
7195948603	Sentence patterns	the arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.	72
7195948901	Sentence variety	using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.	73
7195949165	Simile	a figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things.	74
7195949479	Simple sentence	a statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause.	75
7195949710	Source	a book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.	76
7195950004	Speaker	a term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing.	77
7195950554	Straw man	a logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position.	78
7195950918	Style	the distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.	79
7195951422	Subject	in rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.	80
7195951762	Subordinate clause	created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.	81
7195952239	Subordination	the dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.	82
7195952704	Syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor).	83
7195953168	Syntax	sentence structure.	84
7195953663	Synthesize	combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	85
7195954046	Thesis	the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	86
7195954533	Thesis statement	a statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit.	87
7195955045	Tone	the speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	88
7195955573	Topic sentence	a sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	89
7195956374	Trope	artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	90
7195956771	Understatement	lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	91
7195957375	Voice	in grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	92
7195957585	Zeugma	a construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence.	93