AP Language and Composition Flashcards

7175951512	anaphora	the repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses	0
7175955492	antimetabole	the repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast	1
7175956415	antithesis	parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	2
7175957370	appositive	a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun	3
7175958939	archaic diction	the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language	4
7175960065	assertion	an emphatic statement, declaration; an assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument	5
7175961788	assumption	a belief or statement taken for granted without proof	6
7175963440	asyndeton	leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses	7
7175964554	authority	a reliable, respected source; someone with knowledge	8
7175965555	chiasmus	a rhetorical device in which certain words, sounds, concepts, or syntactic structures are reversed or repeated in reverse order	9
7175969652	close reading	a careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative reading, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text	10
7175974904	colloquialism	an informal or conversational use of language	11
7175975469	complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	12
7175978647	counterargument	challenge to a position; an opposing argument	13
7175980410	cumulative sentence	an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail	14
7175984232	declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement	15
7175985395	idiom	a word or phrase that is not taken literally (like "bought the farm" has nothing to do with purchasing real estate, but refers to dying). Avoid idioms in your writing!	16
7175989963	imperative sentence	a sentence that requests or commands	17
7175990350	inversion	a sentence in which the verb precedes the subject	18
7175991681	juxtaposition	placement of things side by side for emphasis	19
7175992997	metonymy	use of an aspect of something to represent the whole	20
7175993768	occasion	an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing	21
7175996479	polemic	an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion	22
7175998510	polysyndeton	the deliberate use of a series of conjunctions	23
7175999449	premise	(major, minor) two parts of a syllogism. the concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise	24
7176002343	major premise	all mammals are warm-blooded	25
7176002922	minor premise	all horses are mammals	26
7176007538	conclusion	all horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism)	27
7176008475	refute	to discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument	28
7176010905	rhetorical modes	patterns of organizations developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation	29
7176026001	scheme	a pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect	30
7176029155	sentence pattern	the arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions, such as simple, compound, or compound-complex	31
7176034403	simple sentence	a statement containing a subject and a predicate; an independent clause	32
7176036801	style	the distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech	33
7176039411	subordinate clause	created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause	34
7176041951	syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and a minor premise (see premise; major, and minor)	35
7176043799	syntax	sentence structure	36
7176044117	synthesize	combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex	37
7176045804	understatement	lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect	38
7176047619	zeugma	a construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs - often in different, sometimes incongruent ways - two or more words in a sentence	39