AP World History Midterm Flashcards

This is a list of important names and terms, and of all the vocabulary words from AP World History Chapters 2-11. NOTE: For some reason, I am missing my chapter 7 notes so this does not cover chapter 7. I believe that chapter 7 is on trade routes (Silk Road, IOMS, Trans-Saharan).

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5354693185	divination	ability to communicate with gods	0
5354694584	Zhou	longest Chinese dynasty	1
5354696581	legalism	belief that humans are wicked and need laws and punishment	2
5354700793	Confucius	also known as Kongzi; wanted to influence Chinese thought; founded a Chinese religion named after him and based of the 5 Key Relationships	3
5354707773	Daoism	East Asian religion; meaning "the way"	4
5354710506	Laozi	originator of Daoism	5
5354713742	yin and yang	religious symbol representing good and bad, male and female, and the way two different concepts compliment each other	6
5354719478	Kush	region south of Egypt; in the Dongola Reach	7
5354929263	Iron Age	time period when iron replaces bronze for tools and weapons	8
5354931121	Hittites	foremost power in Anatolia during 1700-1200 BCE	9
5354936531	cuneiform	style of writing where symbols are pressed into a material; used by Elamites and Hittites	10
5354953489	Hatshepsut	female Egyptian pharoah	11
5354958938	Akhenaten	Egyptian pharoah who believed in one supreme deity: Aten	12
5355044374	Ramesses II	Egyptian ruler famous for architecture created during his rule	13
5355047724	Minoans	civilization in Crete with a centralized government and well developed culture	14
5355063369	Mycenae	civilization in Southern Greece	15
5355068322	shaft graves	circle of graves at the base of a deep shaft in Mycenae Greece	16
5355071561	Linear B	written language in Greece; predecessor of Greek	17
5355076663	Neo-Assyrian Empire	powerful empire; first to rule in that region; distant and diverse	18
5355089531	Assyrian kings controlled both ____________ ___ _________ affairs.	religious and secular	19
5355091575	Assyrian kings claimed ___________ importance to justify their rule.	religious	20
5355093717	mass deportation	forcing communities to disperse	21
5355104423	silver	currency in Assyrian Empire	22
5355106074	Library of Ashurbanipal	library of Assyrian kind	23
5355110562	Israel	land North of Sinai Peninsula	24
5355114479	Hebrew Bible	Jewish religious book containing historical accounts of debatable accuracy; Old Testament	25
5355136108	Moses	freed Israelites from Egypt and wondered for 40 years in the desert	26
5355138989	Yaweh	Hebrew name for God	27
5355156180	First Temple	built by King Solomon; connected religion and politics	28
5355158321	monotheism	belief in a single supreme god	29
5355159627	diaspora	displacement of a group of people; specifically, Jewish people	30
5355162539	Phoenicians	people of Syria, Palestine; Canaanites	31
5355166464	Carthage	Phoenician colony in North Africa, Southwest of Sicily	32
5355172080	Neo-Babylonian Kingdom	revival of old Babylonia	33
5355174696	Cyrus	united Persian tribes to form the Persian Empire	34
5355175856	patriarchy	a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it	35
5355179448	Darius I	third ruler of Persian Empire; expands Persian Empire toward the Indus River and into some of Europe	36
5355184403	satrap	governor of a province; typically someone from the royal family or close to it; developed in Persia	37
5355189381	Persepolis	capital of Persia	38
5355191325	Zoroastrianism	Persian religion with a great god called Ahurzamazda	39
5355194513	polis	Greek for "city-state"	40
5355196335	Hoplites	Greek warriors with unique war tactics	41
5355198509	tyrant	took power forcefully and outside of appropriate political channels	42
5355200049	oligarchy	power to the wealthy	43
5355202528	democracy	power to the people (in the case of Greece, just the men)	44
5355203625	polytheistic	belief in many gods; often wherein gods are responsible for natural forces	45
5355207605	sacrifice	gifts for gods	46
5355208201	Herodotus	called the "Father of History"; logographer who published writings on history	47
5355215932	Persian Wars	Persia attacks Greece twice	48
5355217316	trireme	type of Greek warship with 170 rowers	49
5355220486	Socrates	Greek philosopher; questioned religion; put on trial and sentenced to death	50
5355222794	Plato	continued Socrates' work and started an academy	51
5355224081	Aristotle	studied at Plato's academy; tutored Alexander the Great	52
5355226650	Athens	democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta	53
5355227625	Sparta	powerful Greek miliary polis that was often at war with Athens	54
5355229941	Peloponnesian War	war; Athens vs Sparta	55
5355232517	Alexander the Great	Greek ruler and military leader; conquered Persia but allowed Persian government to remain mostly the same as before	56
5355238497	Hellenistic Rule	time period where Greek rule spread	57
5355240690	Ptolemies	land in Egypt with profitable resources	58
5355243710	Alexandria	city in Egypt developed by Alexander the Great; had strong arts and sciences	59
5355247209	Roman Republic	Roman government system with elected officials and a senate	60
5355249491	Roman Senate	Roman advisory council; made policy and gove decisions	61
5355251108	Patron/Client Relationship	patron helps client, client serves patron; symbiotic relationship	62
5355259607	plebeians	farmers, craftspeople, tradespeople in Rome	63
5355261446	Roman Principate	no king; ruler is princep or "first among equals"	64
5355272617	Augustus	title given to Octavius Caesar	65
5355274134	Equites	upper-middle class Italian merchants and landowners	66
5355275098	Pax Romana	"Roman peace"	67
5355276344	Romanization	spread of Latin and Roman way of life	68
5355277768	Jesus	Christian religious figure; Messiah	69
5355278762	Paul	spread information on Jesus to the Jews	70
5355279626	aqueducts	conduits used to transport water from its source to a center	71
5355281652	Third Century Crisis	when Rome almost fell; 235-284 BCE	72
5355283331	Constantine	Roman ruler; supported Christianity; moved the capital to Byzantium and renamed it after himself	73
5355291600	Byzantine Empire	Constantine's empire	74
5355292619	Qin	China's first empire	75
5355293387	Shi Huangdi	founder of Qin Empire; united China	76
5355293988	Han	Chinese dynasty following Qin	77
5355301219	Chang'an	capital of Han China	78
5355304471	Mandate of Heaven	idea that a divine being chooses ruler; emperor uses it to justify rule	79
5355311255	gentry	social class below aristocrats in Han China	80
5355313893	monsoon	seasonal wind	81
5355315398	Vedas	religious texts that provide info on early India	82
5355317508	Aryas	light skinned people; Indo-Euro language	83
5355318614	Dasas	dark skinned people; Dravidian language	84
5355322544	Varna	meaning "color" and skin color's relation to class in the caste system	85
5355326562	Jati	birth group or caste; can't move out of it	86
5355328216	atman	"breath"	87
5355329073	karma	way of summarizing good and bad deeds; determines where one will be reincarnated	88
5355331476	Rig Veda	poetic hymns for dieties	89
5355333179	Brahmanas	instructions for rituals and sacrifice	90
5355335930	moksha	liberation from reincarnation	91
5355338026	Jainism	belief system teaching strict nonviolence and asceticism	92
5355339420	Buddha	Siddhartma Gautma; main figure and founder of Buddhism	93
5355342218	Four Noble Truths	life is suffering, desire leads to suffering, the solution is to curb your desire, you can do this by following the Eightfold Path	94
5355345996	nirvana	goal of Buddhism; peaceful afterlife	95
5355346761	Hinduism	religion in South Asia; from Vedic but also Dravidians and Buddhism;	96
5355351425	Ganges River	sacred river in India	97
5355356269	Mauryan Empire	India's first centralized empire	98
5355357323	Chandragupta	first Mauryan emperor	99
5355358474	Ashoka	Mauryan ruler who ruled with Buddhist beliefs; spread Buddhism	100
5355361554	Mahabharta	Indian epic; cousins battle for throne	101
5355362298	Bhagavad-Gita	Indian episode; supports idea of action without personal benefit	102
5355362768	Tamil Kingdoms	conflicting but persisting societies; Cholos, Pandyas, Cheras	103
5355366083	Gupta Empire	empire following Mauryan	104
5355368835	Theater-State	use of rituals, ceremonies, and cultural events to cause a success	105
5355371179	Sati	women must throw themselves into the fire at their husband's funeral	106
5355373823	Malay Peoples	people living in the Malay Peninsula; originating from the peninsula or from China	107
5355375818	Funan	first major center in South East Asia; in South Vietnam along the Mekong River	108
5355380406	Mecca	caravan city between Yemen and Syria; home of Ka'ba	109
5355384090	Ka'ba	shrine to multiple gods; in Mecca	110
5355386655	Muhammad	Muslim prophet and leader	111
5355387489	Muslim	one who makes "submission" to the will of God; followers of Islam	112
5355389278	Islam	"submission"; monotheistic religion based on Quran	113
5355391467	Medina	agricultural community when Muslims moved to after Mecca	114
5355394452	hijra	movement of Muslim people from Medina back to Mecca	115
5355395878	Umma	community bound by belief in Islam and Muhammad	116
5355397097	caliphate	Islamic government term meaning "successor"	117
5355398671	Quran	Islamic holy book	118
5355400174	Umayyad Caliphate	rule of Mu'awiya family in the Islamic Empire	119
5355401436	Abbasid Caliphate	rule of Abbasid family in the Islamic Empire	120
5355402735	Mamluks	slaves from Turkey who were used in the Islamic Empire's military	121
5355404168	Ghana	sub-Saharan kingdom that exported gold	122
5355409505	Ulama	people with religious knowledge; worked to keep Umma united	123
5355410034	Hadith	reports on Muhammad's words and actions	124
5355411093	schism	break or separation; think: Latin Church	125
5355412713	Hagia Sophia	church built by Justinian	126
5355417103	manors	farming estates	127
5355417929	serfs	agriculture workers on manors	128
5355418317	fief	land given for military service	129
5355418848	vassals	king's noble followers	130
5355419372	papacy	office of the pope	131
5355419836	pope	head of the Roman Catholic Church; makes rules	132
5355420462	Holy Roman Empire	empire contolled by the Holy Roman Emperor	133
5355421979	Henry IV	questioned Pope; excommunicated by Pope Greg VII	134
5355424468	Investiture Controversy	struggle between church and lay lords	135
5355425206	monastacism	celibacy, prayer, living apart from society; way of living religiously; monks or nuns	136
5355427943	horse collar	type of harness for horse; goes around their throat and shoulders	137
5355430984	Crusades	religious military campaigns; Holy Roman Empire vs Islamic Empire	138
5355432339	pilgrimage	religious journey	139
5355433142	Li Shimin	Tang emperor expanded into Inner Asia	140
5355434167	Tang Empire	seventh Chinese Dynasty	141
5355438145	Mahayana Buddhism	branch of Buddhism focusing on people bodhisattvas who help others reach nirvana	142
5355443066	Grand Canal	linked Yellow and Yangzi Rivers	143
5355443948	tributary system	where smaller or conquered peoples give money or goods to the capital	144
5355446200	Uighurs	Turkic group that controlled inner Asia during Tang Empire	145
5355446688	Tibet	culturally diverse empire situated between China, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia	146
5355449061	Song Empire	eighth Chinese Dynasty	147
5355449490	junk	boat with improved technology in the Song Empire; has a stem-mounted rudder and water-tight bulkheads	148
5355452048	gunpowder	developed in Song Empire; creates an explosion typically to propel an object	149
5355454481	Neo-Confucianism	new interpretations of Confucianism; discourages Buddhism	150
5355455957	Zen	mental discipline; Buddhist idea leading to Chan-Buddhism	151
5355457265	moveable type	new printing style improving productivity	152
5355458095	Koryo	Korean ruling house	153
5355458510	Fujiwara	family of powerful leaders in Japan	154
5355459487	Kamakura Shogunate	decentralized military government in Japan	155
5355460566	Champa Rice	crop from India that thrived in Vietnam and contributed to its economic success	156
5355463057	Teotihuacan	center near modern day Mexico City	157
5355463883	chinampas	floating fields for crops	158
5355465225	Maya	people from the peninsula in Central America	159
5355466925	Toltecs	people in modern day Central Mexico	160
5355467339	Aztecs	people following Toltecs	161
5355467935	Tenochititlan	capital of Aztec civilization	162
5355469871	chiefdom	political and religious chief; hereditary position	163
5355471484	khipus	way of recording information via tying knots	164
5355472377	ayllu	clan that held land together, lived like a family and shared chores and responsibilities	165
5355473938	mit'a	rotational labor draft; think: chore chart	166
5355474908	Moche	people in modern-day Peru	167
5355475794	Tiwanaku	urban center in Andean highlands	168
5355476107	Wari	larger civilization near Tiwanaku	169
5355477128	Inca	very large empire	170
5355478860	Indian Ocean Maritime System		171
5355479466	Silk Road		172
5355480413	Trans-Saharan Trade Route		173