AP World History Unit 1 Flashcards

7320393967	isolated	China was ____ from the rest of the world	0
7320397966	himalayas, gobi desert, and pacific ocean	What are some natural barriers of China	1
7320401100	Huange He (yellow river) and Yangtze	What are the two rivers of China	2
7320404088	2,920	How many miles long is the yellow river	3
7320417295	Loess	In the yellow river, ____ is depostied from blowing winds (this is what makes it yellow)	4
7320421003	millet and wheat	what crops were grown in northern China	5
7320424629	rice	What crop was grown in the Yangtze river valley	6
7320431101	riding horses and pottery making	Chinese people skilled at....	7
7320432973	2000 BCE	By.... the chinese had an advanced technology and intellecutal life	8
7320436441	bronze and iron and coal	What metals/stones did the Chinese use?	9
7320443604	1000 BCE	When did the Chinese learn to use bronze and iron	10
7320445468	ideographic symbols	the Chinese wrote in....	11
7320450349	astronomy, art, and music	The Chinese excelled in...	12
7320457347	Zia	first dynasty EVER!!!!	13
7320459360	2200 BCE	When did the Zia dynasty begin	14
7320460970	monarchy	what kind of government did the Zia have	15
7320472053	Sage-king "Yu"	founder of Zia, organized effective flood conrol projects	16
7320478066	founding of and development of cities	No records survive from Zia history, but it is believed that the dynasty encouraged the...	17
7320488961	Shang Di	strong shang king	18
7320496947	fertility	The Shang dynasty had ceremonies and dances that promoted....	19
7320507476	Shang	First dynasty with records	20
7320510087	1799-1122 BCE	What were the dates of the Shang Dynasty	21
7320517511	bronze weapons	nomads in shang dynasty fought on horseback from chariots with ...........	22
7320520483	Anyang	The ancient Chinese capital of the Shang dynasty.	23
7320684471	Large bureaucracy	What type of government did the Shangs have?	24
7320689884	local rulers	In Shang Dynasty, peasants and artisans were governed by....	25
7320693445	feudalism	The Shang government most closely resembled the European..... during the middle ages	26
7320704770	Silk	China had the monopoly on this	27
7320706556	bronze vessels	these were ornately cared and used to make offerings in Shang history	28
7320718401	shang Di	Who is the "main god" of Shang Dynasty	29
7320720880	oracles	priests served as _____ who would prophesy the future in Shang Dynasty	30
7320761485	bones and turtle shells	Shang wrote on	31
7320763381	family	Central to all chinese society	32
7320765033	patriarchal	Shang was a highly ____ society.	33
7320772841	Elderly males	head of chinese family	34
7320775919	Zhou	used the mandate of heaven for the first time	35
7328040641	1122-256 BCE	What were the dates of the Zhou Dynasty	36
7328042045	Mandate of Heaven	The Zhou used this to justify their rule	37
7328044728	Period of Waring States	Late centuries of the Zhou is called...	38
7328047242	403-221 BCE	What were the dates of the "Period of Warring states"	39
7328053441	Philosophies	What emerged during the Period of Warring states	40
7328054862	Mandate of heaven	justification for rule that influenced government and political legitimacy. Heavenly power granted the right to an individual to rule as the "son of heaven"	41
7328066544	withdraw the mandate	If the ruler failed under the mandate the heavenly powers would...	42
7328069939	Confucianism	Chinese religion with beliefs of social harmony from the proper order of human relationships	43
7328078499	Analects	Confucious sayings are compiled into _____	44
7328084904	political life	Confucious withdrew from _____ after unsuccessful efforts to find employment as an official and advisor to rulers	45
7328093450	Filial piety/Xiao	required of children that requires them show obedience, reverence, and love	46
7328098104	Ren	an attitude of kindness and benevolence	47
7328102854	Li	individuals have a sense of propriety	48
7328106226	society	One of confucius' goals was that individuals who possessed the traits would gain influence in ______	49
7328113625	junzi	superior individuals	50
7328118762	Mencius	Influenced by Confucius, popularized Confucian ideas, Emphasized sen by advocating benevolence and humanity government	51
7328129969	shown	mencius believed that if people are _____ the right way by virtuous rulers, they would do the right thing	52
7328134096	harmony	Under Mencius, he believed that rulers would levy light taxes, avoid ears, support education, and encourage ________	53
7328141562	Xunzi	Emphasized Li, less rosy picture of human nature, believed people had to be compelled to make appropriate choices, advocated for a well publicized standard of conduct with limits and harsh social discipline	54
7328149617	Legalism	Xunzi's beliefs lead to the development of....	55
7328155545	298-238 BCE	What were the dates of Xunzi	56
7328157088	372-289 BCE	What were the dates of Mencius	57
7328159280	Daoism	religion devoted to reflection and introspection, in hopes of understanding natural principles that govern the world	58
7328163540	The sage Laozi	Who is the founder of Daoism	59
7328166543	6th century BCE	When was Daoism founded	60
7328170323	Classic of the Way of Virtue	Foundational text of Daoism created by Laozi	61
7328173591	Dao	"The way of nature" or "the cosmos"	62
7328176380	passive	The Dao is an extremely _____ force	63
7328190336	Wuwei	Moral trait that individuals should refrain and disengage in the affairs of the world. Belief that people should live simply, unpretentiously, and in harmony with nature	64
7328203080	Legalism	government that devotes all attention to the state, which they sought to strengthen and expand at all costs	65
7328208908	Shang yang	Who was the first person to practice Legalism (390-338 BCE)	66
7328211712	Han Feizi	Established a theory of Legalism (280-233 BCE)	67
7328216147	Han Feizi	Student of Xunzi and advisor to the Qin	68
7328217910	agriculture and armed forces	The foundation of a state's strength were ____ under legalism	69
7328226606	merchants, entrepreneurs, scholars, educators, poets, philosophers	Legalist governments discouraged ________ because they did not advance the state	70
7328231820	Legalist Doctrine	strict laws with clear expectations and severe punishments	71
7328237024	Qin Shi Huangdi	By 221 BCE ______ emerges as the triumphant conqueror of the 6 coexisting kingdoms	72
7328239679	emperor	Qin Shi Huangdi was China's self-proclaimed first ___________	73
7328245966	221-207 BCE	What were the dates of the Qin Dynasty	74
7328247824	14	How many years did the Qin dynasty last	75
7328250002	Legalist	The Qin dynasty was governed by ______ principles	76
7328256446	bureaucracy	She Huangdi ruled by a centralized ________	77
7328259329	provinces	Shi Huangdi divided the empire into ____	78
7328265675	Great Wall	Shi Huangdi was the mastermind behind what construction project	79
7328272504	standardized currencies, weights, and measures, built roads and bridges, encouraged commerce and military, and mandated the use of common script	What are good things about Shi Huangdi	80
7328293504	460	Shi Huangdi ordered the execution of ____ scholars who critized the regime	81
7328300989	philosophy, ethics, history, and literature	Qin Shi Huangdi ordered the burning of what kind of books?	82
7328308602	medicine, fortune telling, and agriculture	Qin Shi Huangdi kept which types of books?	83
7328309962	210 BCE	When did Shi Huangdi die?	84
7328312098	700,000	how many laborers were drafted to build Shi Huangdi's tomb?	85
7328317181	Terra Cotta	a life size model of an infantryman	86
7328321472	Liu Bang	In 202 BCE a ruler who's name is _____ prevailed and inaugurated a new dynasty called the HAn	87
7328325202	Han	longest dynasty in Chinese history (400 years)	88
7328327877	Sima Qian	lived during the Han dynasty, regarded as the Chinese "father of history", castrated for defending a disgraced general	89
7328334804	Eunuch	Term for castrated individual	90
7328804254	Sima Qian	created organization framework that became standard	91
7328814010	compare and interpret the difference	Sima Qian wrote the same event narrated in more than one section, inviting readiness to _____	92
7328818075	Han	adopted confucianism as the official ideology of the imperial system	93
7328830413	1,000s of intelligent, educated individuals to run bureaucracy	Confucian educational system emerged from the need to recruit....	94
7328833039	Chang'an	Confucian university is located in....	95
7328837208	30,000	by the end of the Han dynasty the school in Chang'an had how many students	96
7328845125	Merchants	What social class was at the bottom of the Chinese ladder	97
7328849091	Scholar gentry "Shi"	educated, privileged group who were prepared for governmental service	98
7328851627	exams	Chinese government jobs depended on the performance on _____	99
7328860555	Merchants	devoted to moneymaking instead of learning and political service	100
7328863389	"Mean" people	anyone who lacked skills or direct production of goods, meaningless, actors, artists, poets...	101
7328871632	location	Women's status depended on her "___" within society	102
7328874894	wife	In Chinese society, Mother's in law had authority over their son's _____.	103
7328879178	Lessons for Women	1st CE book, instructs daughters to conform to traditional expectations	104
7328888022	Watermill, horse collar, roads and canals, seismometer, crossbow, rudder	What is new technology from the Han dynasty? (7)	105
7328899058	Agriculture, art, military	What are uses of Iron	106
7328899059	Iron	Under the Han dynasty, ____ production rapidly grows	107
7328903798	3000 BCE	when are the origins of silk production	108
7328907557	mulberry leaves	Chinese silk producers fed their silkworms on finely chopped ________	109
7328911387	100 CE	When was paper invented	110
7328915650	hemp and textile fibers	What was woven together to make paper	111
7328924333	paper	became the preferred medium to write on	112
7328927326	20 milllion	How many people were there in 220 BCE (beginning of Han)	113
7328930884	60 million	How many people were there in 9 CE (end of Han)	114
7328938274	economic difficulties, problems of land distribution, Social tensions	What were the 3 causes of the Han's fall	115
7328941938	economic difficulties	Military adventures of emperors caused severe economic stress	116
7328948106	Problems of land distribution	poor harvests, high taxes, debt, owners of large estates increase in size	117
7328956623	Wang Dang	"socialist emperor". limited the amoung of land families coud own	118
7328958849	social tensions	great distinctions between the rich and the poor	119
7328961058	silk	What did the wealthy chinese wear	120
7328965383	jade plaques sewn with gold threads	The upper class was buried in suits of ......	121
7328969166	Yellow Turban Rebellion	serious revolt that tested the Han in late 2nd century CE. Named after headgear	122
7328979890	influence	At the end of the Han dynasty, imperial family members, confucian scholar bureaucrats, and court eunuchs all seek to increase their.....	123
7328985280	220 CE	When did the Han officially fall	124
7328987359	several large regional kingdoms	for the next four centuries after the fall of the han china remained divided into	125
7329015222	south asia	The indian subcontinent is known as...	126
7329053694	Harappans	Who were the earliest settlers in India	127
7329056072	Aryans	Dravidian and indo european peoples who are intermarried, they interacted and laid foundations of society	128
7329061429	aryans	light skinned, indo european language speakers, pastoralists	129
7329066727	sheep and goats	What animals did the aryans have	130
7329069544	horses	were expensive because they were rare, were harnessed to carts, wagons, and chariots	131
7329075561	cattle	principal measure of wealth in india	132
7329078214	1500-500 BCE	what were the dates of the VEdic age	133
7329080321	vedic age	shows early aryan society, had no writing orginally,	134
7329086544	religious and literary works	These works were transmitted orally in Sanskrit during vedic age	135
7329090133	Vedas	the collection of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the various gods. means wisdom or knowledge	136
7329094374	Rig Veda	most important veda	137
7329096697	Rig Veda	1028 hymns to the gods, earliest and most important veda	138
7329108784	Varnas	the caste system	139
7329114399	Jati	birth group, subsection of castes	140
7329120619	Brahmins	rituals and sacrifices ensoure proper functioning of the world, tribal medicine men and sorcerers will find a place here	141
7329128114	Kshatriyas	warrirors and rulers protect and govern society	142
7329133603	Vaisya	commoners that cultivated the land, business clas class or merchants become dominant	143
7329268562	Pure Aryans	Top three classes in Indian caste system are regarded as...	144
7329272617	"twice born"	people are cllaed this because they experienced physical birth and born into status as people of aryan descent	145
7329276976	sudras	servants tot he top castes, not allowed to hear or take part in aryan rituals, little value	146
7329285091	Harijans/untouchables	outside of the varna system, most unclean and polluting jobs	147
7329292102	Lawbook of Manu	book that dealt with proper moral and social behavior	148
7329293792	bear children and maintain home	What are indian women most important job	149
7329301286	Sati	womens dependence on men, a widow must voluntarily throw herself onto the funeral pyre of her deceased husband to join him in death	150
7329311222	Indra	aryan war god, rain, and water; most important god	151
7329314640	Brahmins	In aryan religions, the role of ____ are important	152
7329319122	soma	hallucinogen drug	153
7329335291	800-400 BCE	When were the Upanishads composed	154
7329343527	Upanishads	dialogues from sages to students, emphasized high ethical standards, discouraged greed, envy, gluttony. advocated honesty, self-control, charity, mercy, integrity, and respect to all living things	155
7329354447	Braman	the universal soul	156
7329354448	samsara	reincarnation	157
7329356167	karma	the good/bad deeds that follow to the next life	158
7329357991	moksha	deep dreamless sleep that came from permanent liberation from physical incarnations and become one with brahman	159
7329361513	Brahma	creator god	160
7329363618	Buddhism	religion that emphasized abandoning material goods and living simply	161
7329382704	siddhartha guatama	Who founded buddhism	162
7329385275	49	how many days of meditation did it take SG to reach enlightenment	163
7329392135	The Dharma	Buddhist Doctrine is called the	164
7329395478	Four noble truths, and eightfold path	What was SGs way to enlightenment	165
7329398678	suffering	Noble truth: all life is _____	166
7329401384	end	Noble truth: There is an ____ to suffering	167
7329404277	desire	Noble truth: Removing ______ removes suffering	168
7329410901	eightfold path	Noble truth: Ending suffering may be done through the ________	169
7329417847	less dependence, no caste, moderate consumption, vernacular	What are the appeals of mahayana buddhism	170
7329420296	Stupas	shrines housing relics of the buddha and his 1st disciples that pilgrims venerated	171
7329426922	Monastteries	served as social, economic, and cultural influence for buddhism	172
7329429768	Asoka	supported Buddhism	173
7329433030	Bodhisattavas	men and women who achieved enlightenment and were on threshold of nirvana, but chose to be reborn in order to help others	174
7352725808	Charitable donations	What was regarded as "pious activity" under Manayana buddhism?	175
7352729191	Mahayana Buddhism	"Greater vehicle", newer buddhism	176
7352731473	Buddha and Bodhisttvas	Focus of worship in on the _______ and _______ under Mahayana Buddhism	177
7352734505	Wealthy Class	who did mahayana buddhism attract	178
7352738712	Theravada buddhism	Strict buddhism, give up all material objects	179
7352815131	Mahavira	Who is the founder of Jainism	180
7352816632	540-468 BCE	What was the life span of Mahavira	181
7352817654	Soul	Janiests believe that everything in the universe has a ______.	182
7352822898	Principe of Ahimsa	nonviolence to other living things or souls (influenced Gandhi, MLK Jr)	183
7352827135	Lower class (merchants and scholars)	Who did Jainism appeal to?	184
7352832255	Brahma	creator of the universe	185
7352834946	Vishnu	preserver of the universe	186
7352837542	Shiva	The destroyer	187
7352839453	Ganesha	dictation wisdom, wealth, remover of obstacles	188
7352842976	Vishnu	restores the balance of good and evil	189
7352845072	Ganesha	half man/elephant	190
7352857989	knowledge, mental and physical discipline (yoga), or deep devotion	What are 3 different forms of hindu worship	191
7352861315	Attendance to festivals	Shows more devotion in hindu culture	192
7352863105	Ganges river	sacred indian river	193
7352864345	Hindu Swastika	symbol that means good fortune, luck or well being	194
7352867195	Nazi Swastika	aryan symbol indicating racial purity and superiority	195
7352870725	Mahabharata	Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty	196
7352873717	war bt cousins in aryan society for control of the kingdom	What was the Mahabharta story about	197
7352875680	106,000	How many verses are in the Mahabarata	198
7352877308	Bhagavad Gita	What is the most important part of the Mahabharta	199
7352881657	dialogue bt Arjuna and Krishna on one's duty of fate and spirit	What was the Bhagavad Giva about	200
7352883481	Ramayana	illustrates the Hindu value; epic talk tracking the adventures of king Rama and his wife sita	201
7352888003	settled agricultural society and better organized political unit	What does the Ramayana reflect more of...	202
7352890863	324-184 BCE	what was the time span of the Mauryan empire	203
7352897100	Mauryan and Gupta empire	What were the two empires where political unity was achieved	204
7352899283	Mauryan Empire	more extensive of the two lasting empires in india	205
7352903086	Chandragupta Mauray	Laid the foundation of the Mauryan Empire	206
7352906706	Magadhi, Bactria	What two regions did Chandragupa overthrow	207
7352910940	Maurya empire	India's 1st centralized empire	208
7352922487	Arthshastra	Chandragupta's government was guided by the political handbook called the _____.	209
7352927652	Bureaucratic	Maurayans built a _____ administartive system like China	210
7352928854	Kalinga	In Asoka's conquest to _____, 1,000s were killed, woulded or deported	211
7352934205	"Peace to all beings"	Asoka ruled by Buddha's teachings, "_____"	212
7352938510	roads	Asoka built extensive ____ to make travel and communication easier	213
7352941551	great rocks and pilished pillars	Asoka publicized his policies on ______	214
7352943784	Economic crisis	follows the death of asoka	215
7352945634	Gupta empire	modeled agter mauryan empire but smaller	216
7352947378	Chandra Gupta	founder of Gupta empire	217
7352948255	600 BCE-600 CE	Time span of the classical age	218
7364894184	currencies	A cause of the fall of the Mauryan empire was frequent devalutations of _____ to play salaries	219
7364900242	185 BCE	When does the Mauryan empire disappear	220
7364911755	500 years	How many years passed before another indigenous state has control over northern India	221
7364922645	Cotton, Black pepper, pearls, gems	What did India trade	222
7364925602	guild of merchants and artisans	Became politically powerful in absence of a strong central government	223
7364930385	Rome	Where did the Indian empires export to?	224
7364941118	Gupta empire	modeled after the mauryan but smaller	225
7364948955	Decentralized	The gupta empire had a highly ______ leadership	226
7364981751	Standing army	how did the gupta empire keep control	227
7364989663	Governors	Control outlying areas	228
7365005683	White Huns	frequent invasions from what group caused the decline of the Gupta empire	229
7365015886	16th century	When do you see much of the indian empire unite	230
7365020202	Mughal Empire	What 16th century empire united India.	231
7366590942	sati	a practice in india where the woman threw herself into her husband's wedding pyre	232