Miller & Levine Chapter 7 Flashcards

3306695873	cell	basic unit of all forms of life	0
3306695874	cell theory	fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living thingl and that new cells are produced from existing cells	1
3306695875	cell membrane	thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell	2
3306695876	nucleus	structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA	3
3306695877	eukaryote	organism whose cells contain a nucleus	4
3306695878	prokaryote	unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus	5
3306695879	cytoplasm	in eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus; in prokaryotic cells, all of the cell's contents	6
3306695880	organelle	specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell	7
3306695881	vacuole	cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates	8
3306695882	lysosome	cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell	9
3306695883	cytoskeleton	network of protein filaments in a eularyolic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement	10
3306695884	centriole	structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division	11
3306695885	ribosome	cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell	12
3306695886	endoplasmic reticulum	internal membrane system found in eukaryolic cells	13
3306695887	golgi apparatus	organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticules for storage in the cell or release outside of the cell	14
3306695888	chloroplast	organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and converts in into chemical energy	15
3306695889	mitochondrion	cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use	16
3306695890	cell wall	strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells	17
3306695891	lipid bilayer	flexible double layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings	18
3306695892	selectively permeable	property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot	19
3306695893	diffusion	process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated	20
3306695894	facilitated diffusion	process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels	21
3306695895	aquaporin	water channel protein in a cell	22
3306695896	osmosis	diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane	23
3306695897	isotonic	when the concentration of two solutions is the same	24
3306695898	hypertonic	when comparing two solutions, the solution with the great concentration of solutes	25
3306695899	hypotonic	when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes	26
3306695900	osmotic pressure	pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane	27
3306695901	homeostasis	relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain	28
3306695902	tissue	group of similar cells that perform a particular function	29
3306695903	organ	group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions	30
3306695904	organ system	group of organs that work together to perform a specific function	31
3306695905	receptor	on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone	32