Psychology Flashcards

6467216867	Psychology	Study of the mind, mental processes and behaviour	0
6467216868	4 Main Fields of Psychology	Behaviourism, humanism, psychoanalysis, cognitive	1
6467216869	Behavioural Psychology	Conducting experiments and gathering data to understand observable behaviours and phenomena	2
6467216870	Classical Conditioning	Type of learning to associate stimuli and anticipate events, ex. Pavlov's dogs	3
6467216871	Operant Conditioning	Type of learning that uses rewards and punishments, ex. B.F. Skinner's rats	4
6467216872	Psychoanalysis	Analyzing our inner thoughts and feelings and unlocking the unconscious mind, ex. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung	5
6467216873	Conscious Mind	Thoughts we are aware of, ex. feelings, present perceptions, memories	6
6467216874	Unconscious Mind	Thoughts we are unaware of, ex. drives, instincts, trauma	7
6467216875	Preconscious Mind	Thoughts and memories that aren't immediately conscious but can be brought to mind	8
6467216876	Ego	Conscious- "the referee", rational thinking	9
6467216877	Id	Unconscious- instincts, primitive feelings	10
6467216878	Superego	Part conscious, mostly unconscious- moral thoughts	11
6467216879	Carl Jung	Student of Freud who created concept of "collective unconscious" and archetypes	12
6467216880	Abraham Maslow	Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization", being a part of helping yourself	13
6467216881	Humanism	Belief that the patient should be involved in recovery. Based on theory that everyone has potential to be a good person and contribute to society.	14
6467216882	Viktor Frankl	Developed logotherapy after experiencing the holocaust to help patients find meaning/purpose in life without medical help.	15
6467216883	Cognitive Psychology	Examines the mental processes in the brain to determine how we think, learn, perceive and remember.	16
6467216884	Albert Bandura	Bobo doll experiment. Children learn by imitation and aggression is learnt and should be stopped before adulthood.	17
6467216885	Defence Mechanisms	A way for the ego to protect the conscious mind from experiencing unpleasant feelings or thoughts	18
6467216886	Elizabeth Loftus	Lost in mall experiment. False memories: repressed memories created through power of suggestion.	19
6467216887	Rationalization	Excuse we invent to explain a failure, loss, error or bad behaviour	20
6467216888	Displacement	When we lash out at someone not involved because we have suppressed anger or frustration from an earlier situation.	21
6467216889	Projection	When we see negative traits and feelings in other people that we see in ourselves but cannot openly admit	22
6467216890	Denial	When reality is too unpleasant so we ignore it.	23
6467216891	Repression	When we push unpleasant urges or thoughts out of our conscious mind.	24
6467216892	Regression	When problems seem too big to handle, we may go back to behaviour from earlier in life like sulking or having tantrums.	25
6467216893	Reaction Formation	Changing an unacceptable feeling or impulse into its opposite.	26
6467216894	Sublimation	Changing an unacceptable feeling or thought into one that's socially acceptable.	27
6467216895	Nature vs Nurture	A dual concept- whether behaviour is caused by genetic inheritance or environmental influences/how you were raised, one of the oldest issues debated by psychologists.	28
6467216896	Teenage Brain	The amygdala and prefrontal cortex go through dramatic change which affect risk taking, decision making, emotions, sleep habits, impulse, sex	29
6467216897	Sensation	Process that activates our sense receptors, we transmit signals from these senses to our brain	30
6467216898	Perception	Process that allows us to select, organize and interpret sensory signals in the brain 1)Selecting: name in a noisy environment 2)Organizing: who the voice belongs to 3)Interpreting: that person wants my attention	31
6467216899	Illusions	We group patterns and shapes in order to recognize them	32
6467216900	Autism	A neurodevelopment disorder that occurs on a spectrum and affects one's social communication, 1 in 68, more prevalent in boys	33
6467216901	Stigma	Preconceived negative opinion or thought on someone or something, makes it difficult for people to talk about it or get help	34
6467216902	Stereotype	A generalization of a group of people, commonly held public belief	35
6467216903	Prejudice	A prejudgement or assumption of something/someone without knowledge	36
6467216904	Discrimination	Taking negative action on your prejudice to belittle someone	37
6467216905	Structural Discrimination	When social environments/situations expose people to negative things	38
6467216906	Internalized Discrimination	What you grew up thinking about certain groups or people	39
6467216907	Mood Disorders	Caused by chemical imbalances, consistent change in mood, ex. Major Depressive Disorder	40
6467216908	Bipolar Disorder	Cycle of going through depressed, normal and mania moods	41
6467216909	Psychosis	Active state of experiencing hallucinations, delusions, can be organic (tumour) or chemically induced (drugs) or both	42
6467216910	Schizophrenia	Mental disturbance that shuts down parts of brain, causes delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic behaviour	43
6467216911	PTSD	Constantly experiencing/imagining a traumatic event that previously happened, extreme anxiety in that situation, stems from amygdala	44
6467216912	Phobias	Significant and persistent fear, causes extreme anxiety and affects daily life	45
6467216913	Personality Disorders	Pattern of behaviour that's not the social norm causing long term difficulties ex. Antisocial Personality Disorder	46
6467216914	Eating Disorders	Obsession with food, weight or appearance, ex. Anorexia, Bulimia	47
6467216915	Body Dysmorphic Disorder	Indulgence in plastic surgery, ex. Michael Jackson	48
6467216916	Ethical Guidelines in Psychology	1) Responsible Caring 2) Integrity of Relationships 3) Responsibility to Society 4) Respect for the Dignity of Persons	49