APES Flashcards

5270941465	pre-industrial stage	high birth and death rate	0
5270941466	transitional stage	high birth rate, low death rate	1
5270941467	industrial stage	birth rates decline and death rates are low	2
5270941468	post industrial stage	low birth and death rate	3
5270941469	total fertility rate	the number of children born per woman	4
5270941470	infant mortality rate	the number of deaths of an infant under 1 years old	5
5270941471	demography	study of data related to a population	6
5270941472	rule of 70	70/ rate	7
5270941473	crude birth rate	births/ total population x 1000	8
5270941474	crude death rate	deaths/ total population x 1000	9
5270941475	India	increasing population industrial stage	10
5270941476	japan	decreasing population	11
5270941477	us	stable population post industrial stage	12
5270941478	africa	increasing population	13
5270941479	Kenya	transitional stage	14
5270941480	HIV/AIDS	kills middle aged people and leaves kids without parents, increases death rate	15
5270941481	women empowerment	reduce population growth by educating women on birth control and condoms... lowers TFR	16
5270941482	silt	medium particles, rich in nutrients, average permeability	17
5270941483	clay	small particles, not permeable, lower amounts of gasses	18
5270941484	sand	large particles, high filtration, low in nutrients	19
5270941485	Loam	mixture of silt, sand, clay; ideal soil for farming	20
5270941486	O horizon	organic matter	21
5270941487	A horizon	top soil	22
5270941488	E horizon	eluviated, leaching	23
5270941489	B horizon	subsoil	24
5270941490	C horizon	weathered rock	25
5270941491	R horizon	parent rock	26
5270941492	weathering	process that forms soil	27
5270941493	physical weathering	wind, rain	28
5270941494	chemical weathering	parent material is chemically changed	29
5270941495	biological weathering	organisms produce soil chemically or physically	30
5270941496	it takes 200-400 years for 1 cm of soil to form		31
5270941497	humus	fertile material formed by partial decomposition of organic matter	32
5273699781	agriculture revolution	allowed people to settle in 1 place; leads to more intensive agriculture	33
5273699782	green revolution	fed growing population; population increased; exponential growth	34
5273699783	eutrophication	happens from over fertilizing	35
5273916238	irrigation	artificially providing water to support agriculture	36
5273916239	acid rain	cause of over fertilizer	37
5273916240	conservation tillage	tilling that leaves more than 30% of crop residue covering the soil after harvest	38
5273916241	terracing	growing crops on the side of mountains	39
5273916242	contour farming	growing crops on a hill	40
5273916243	intercropping	when you grow a crop among plants of a different kind in the space between the rows	41
5273916244	crop rotation	rotating crops every year so soil doesn't get depleted of nutrients	42
5274062264	shelter belts	rows of trees or plants are planted on the edge to slow down wind erosion	43
5274062265	GMO's	genetically modified organisms; one gene is transferred to another organism	44
5274215617	feedlots	an area where livestock are fed and fattened up	45
5274215618	aquaculture	raising of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food	46
5274215619	hydroponics	process of growing plants in sand, gravel, or liquid with added nutrients but with out soil	47
5274215620	pesticides	a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms that are harmful to cultivated plants	48
5274215621	organic farming	a method of crop/livestock production that involves not using pesticides, fertilizers, or GMO's while encouraging sustainable production within agriculture	49
5274215622	examples of GMO's	corn, soy, milk, golden rice	50
5274215623	most permeable to least	sand, silt, clay	51
5274215624	largest particle to smallest	sand, silt, clay	52
5274243544	monoculture	planting of a single crop	53