AP Language Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

6809113010	abstract	Refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images	0
6809113011	allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art.	1
6809113012	analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. It can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar.	2
6809113013	anecdote	is a brief, engaging account of some happening, often historical, biographical, or personal.	3
6809113014	antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	4
6809113015	antithesis	is the balancing of one idea or term against another for emphasis	5
6809113016	assumption	in argumentation is anything taken for granted or presumed to be accepted by the audience and therefore understated.	6
6809113017	colloquial language	Slang or common language that is informal	7
6809113018	connotation	An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning, "shades of meaning"	8
6809113019	deductive reasoning	reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)	9
6809113020	denotation	The dictionary definition of a word	10
6809113021	diction	the manner of expression in words, choice of words, or wording. Writers must choose vocabulary carefully and precisely to communicate a message and also to address an intended audience effectively.	11
6809113022	editorializing	To include personal opinions in a supposedly objective stories	12
6809113023	episodic	relates to the variety of narrative writing that develops through a series of incidents or events.	13
6809113024	fallacy	an error in logic or in the reasoning process. Fallacies occur because of vague development of ideas, lack of awareness of the speaker, or faulty assumptions about the proposition	14
6809113025	generalization	is a broad idea or statement. All generalizations require particulars and illustrations to support them.	15
6809113026	genre	a type or form of literature - for example, short fiction, novel, poetry, essay, letter, editorial, speech, etc.	16
6809113027	hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	17
6809113028	hypothesis	A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.	18
6809113029	hypothetic	based on an assumption or guess; used as a provisional or tentative idea to guide or direct investigation	19
6809113030	imagery	is clear, vivid description that appeals to the sense of sight, smell, touch, sound, or taste.	20
6809113031	inference	A conclusion reached on the basis of (text) evidence and reasoning	21
6809113032	interrogative	A sentence that asks a question	22
6809113033	irony	the use of language to suggest the opposite of what is stated. Writers use it to reveal unpleasant or troublesome realities that exist in life or to poke fun at human weaknesses and foolish attitude.	23
6809113034	jargon	special words associated with a specific area or knowledge or a particular profession.	24
6809113035	juxtaposition	the placement of two things being close together (side by side) with contrasting effect	25
6809113036	logos	An appeal to reason. It occurs when a writer tries to convince you of the logic of his argument using facts and examples, and a generally rational tone to their language.	26
6809113037	ethos	an appeal to credibility. The writer is seeking to convince you that he or she has the background, history, skills, and/or expertise to speak on the issue.	27
6809113038	pathos	An appeal to emotion. Loaded words to make you feel guilty, lonely, worried, insecure, or confused.	28
6809113039	loaded words	Words that are emotionally charged--either positively or negatively.	29
6809113040	metaphor	A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.	30
6809113041	mood	the creation of atmosphere in writing	31
6809113042	non sequitur	A statement that does not follow logically from evidence	32
6809113043	subjective/objective	writing refers to the attitude that writers take toward their subject. When writers are objective, they try not to report their personal feelings about the subject; they attempt to be detached, impersonal and unbiased. Conversely, subjective writing reveals an author's personal attitudes and emotions.	33
6809113044	paradox	A statement that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	34
6809113045	parallelism	The use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter.	35
6809113046	purpose	is what the writer wants to accomplish in an essay.	36
6809113047	refutation	in argumentation is a method by which writers recognize and deal effectively with the arguments of their opponents.	37
6809113048	rhetoric	is the art of using words effectively in speaking or writing.	38
6809113049	rhetorical question	is a question asked only to emphasize a point, introduce a topic, or provoke thought, but not to elicit an answer.	39
6809113050	satire	A humorous literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	40
6809113051	style	is the specific or characteristic manner of expression, execution, construction, or design of a writer. As a manner or mode of expression of language, it is the unique way each writer handles ideas.	41
6809113052	symbol	is something - normally a concrete image - that exists in itself but also stands for something else or has a greater meaning.	42
6809113053	tone	is the writer's attitude toward his or her subject or material. May be objective, subjective, comic, ironic, nostalgic, critical, reflective, etc.	43
6809113054	transition	is the linking of ideas in sentences, paragraphs, and larger segments of an essay in order to achieve coherence.	44
6809113055	understatement	a method of making a weaker statement than is warranted by truth, accuracy, or importance.	45
6809113056	voice	is the way you express your ideas to the reader, the tone you take in addressing your audience. It reflects your personality and attitude both towards the subject and your audience.	46
6809113057	syntax	The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.	47
6809113058	warrant	to give adequate reasons/justification for a claim	48
6809113059	qualify	to limit, modify, or restrict a claim in order to clarify its' validity	49