Chapter 3 AP World History Flashcards
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| 5023523998 | Persian empire | a major empire that expanded from Iranian plateau to incorporate the middle east from Egypt to India; flourished from 550 to 330 BCE | 0 | |
| 5023529091 | Athenian democracy | a radical form of direct democracy in which much of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot | 1 | |
| 5023532304 | Greco-Persian wars | 2 major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 BCE and 480 BCE in which Persians were defeated on both land and sea | 2 | |
| 5023535697 | Hellenistic era | period from 323 to 30 BCE in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia and North Africa in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors | 3 | |
| 5023538775 | Alexander the Great | alexander III of Macedon conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India | 4 | |
| 5023542800 | Augustus | great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of roman state at end of an extended period of civil war | 5 | |
| 5023545687 | Pax romana | "roman piece" a term used to denote the stability and prosperity if the early Roman Empire especially in the first and second centuries CE | 6 | |
| 5023547764 | Qin Shihuandi | literally "first emperor from the Qin he forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state | 7 | |
| 5023551958 | Trun Trac | a Vietnamese woman from aristocratic military family who lead and unsuccessful revolt against China around 40 CE following the execution of her husband | 8 | |
| 5023555837 | Han dynasty | dynasty that ruled China from 206 BCE to 220 CE creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement | 9 | |
| 5023558440 | Mauryan Empire- | major empire that encompassed most of India | 10 | |
| 5023558463 | Asoka | most famous ruler of the Mauryan empire who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance | 11 | |
| 5026964104 | Greek political civilization and values | -city states -democracy (Athens) -settlers bring Greek culture, language, building styles -only men born in city=citizen -all citizens equal + can participate in gov't -foreigners= barbarians | 12 | |
| 5026966279 | Persian political civilization and values | -united -35-50 million in one state -diverse (large population) -underground irrigation system -imperial bureaucracy and systems -foreigners = tolerated -hierarchies in inequalities + monarchies -single great rule (despotism) -satraps ruled provinces | 13 | |
| 5027016064 | Similarities (Greek + Persian) political civilization and values | -religions involved w political and environmental affairs -gender inequality -slavery -Greco-Persian wars | 14 | |
| 5027064206 | Consequences of encounter between Persians + Greeks for PERSIANS | -ruled by absolute ruler | 15 | |
| 5027073418 | Consequences of encounter between Persians + Greeks for GREEKS | -no centralized ruler because no city states -Athens rules w democracy -height of architecture + art + philosophers -Peloponnesian wars (Delian League= Athens + Peloponnesian League= Sparta) -becomes weak--> Phillip II (Macedon) conquers Greece | 16 | |
| 5027113646 | Rome-- city-state to huge empire | -army= key to success -political support grew while expanding ( gained necessary manpower and resources) -republic led by a triumvirate (1 JC,P,C) (2 O,MA,L) -patricians, plebeians, slaves (12 tables, Tribal Assembly w 2 tribunes) -Punic Wars (4) w Carthage --Rome wins -conquered people who submit keep religion -people participate through senate (value honesty + faith in law) -republic end w JC took throne or died or Octavian becomes first emperor | 17 | |
| 5027213090 | Alexander the Great POSITIVES | -intelligent -spread Greek culture + education -allowed exiles back to homes -military glory= object of ambition -competitive -promoted soldiers + officers -brilliant in conduct of war -emotional -conquered so much (10 years) | 18 | |
| 5027213091 | Alexander the Great NEGATIVES | -caused unnecessary deaths from unnecessary wars and sieges (unfocused) -weakened Macedon -exile allowance caused instability -violent temper (murdered friends) -ignored displeasure of his men -viewed himself as equal to a god while still alive (genuflection) | 19 | |
| 5027306817 | CHINESE empire shaped faster than Rome | -took imperial traditions from preexisted dynasties -Qin (state) developed effective bureaucracy, subordinated aristocracy, built strong military and agriculture using Legalist principles -only had brief superficial domestic repercussions | 20 | |
| 5027353759 | ROMAN + CHINESE empires both had stability + prosperity | -relied on powerful armies to sustain empires -created effective gov't systems (Chinese--bureaucracy + Roman--system of law for all subjects) -invested heavily in public works to integrate empires militarily + commercially | 21 | |
| 5027379713 | INTERNAL factors that collapsed Roman + Chinese empires | -both too over-extended -both too expensive for resources -both suffered tax evasion (by landowning families) -both suffered rivalry between elite factions-->creating stability -both suffered from epidemics -neither had technological breakthroughs | 22 | |
| 5027430654 | EXTERNAL Internal + external factors that collapsed Roman + Chinese empires | -nomad peoples occupying frontier regions of both empire were threatening + ultimately conquered parts of both empires | 23 | |
| 5027450983 | Centralized empires less prominent in INDIA than in China | -no centralized empire -less invasions (Himalayas) -vast cultural diversity -Mauryan + Gupta empires (political fragmentation after the fall) (don't expand + don't develop individual states like the west did) -has many small states + China more united -caste system (4 occupational groups) (born into caste, can't leave, reincarnation) -Ashoka-- Mauryan emperor (converts to Buddhism) (leaves records--rock edicts) (leads moral life) | 24 |